电动汽车复合驱动系统

电动汽车的复合驱动系统包括内燃机驱动和电力驱动，它综合了这两种驱动方式的优点。介绍了电动汽车的各种复合驱动结构，分析讨论了这些结构的优缺点，阐述了选择串联还是并联复合驱动结构时应考虑了主要问题，并给了一个单轴复合驱动结构的实例。     

微观交通分布式并行仿真系统设计与效益分析

为了提高交通网络仿真的速度和效率,从挖掘交通网络仿真的并行性出发,设计了分布式并行仿真系统的结构和仿真算法,通过比较选择PVM(Parallel Virtual Machine)作为并行计算的编程环境,提出基于车辆数的网络分割算法和数据时钟同步的通讯方式,使并行仿真达到负载平衡。用程序执行时间、加速比、并行效率和可扩展性4个测度指标来评价算法的并行效益,并以24个交叉口组成的交通网络为例,应用设计的并行算法在不同处理器数目下进行仿真。试验结果显示并行仿真速度比串行仿真提高了3.5倍,因此,这种并行算法提高了交通网络仿真的速度和效率,为实现更大规模的交通仿真奠定了基础。     

Estimating travel time functions for urban roads: options and issues

Travel time functions specify the relationship between the travel time on a road and the volume of traffic on the road. Until recently, the parameters of travel time functions were rarely estimated in practice; however, a compelling case can be made for the empirical examination of these functions. This paper reviews, and qualitatively evaluates, a range of options for developing a set of travel time functions. A hierarchy of travel time functions is defined based on four levels of network detail: area, corridor, route and link. This hierarchy is illustrated by considering the development of travel time functions for Adelaide. Alternative sources of data for estimating travel time functions are identified.

In general, the costs and benefits increase as the travel time functions are estimated at finer levels of network detail. The costs of developing travel time functions include data acquisition costs and analysis costs. The benefits include the potential for reducing prediction errors, the degree of application flexibility and the policy sensitivity of the travel time functions.     

Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.     

Parallel computing with domain decomposition for the vehicle crashworthiness simulation

The research presented in the paper deals with explicit nonlinear finite element calculation with domain decomposition for vehicle crashworthiness simulation. This is very important for vehicle design. Parallel computing is an efficient solution method to speedup and enhance the solving ability of large-scale numerical simulation. In this paper, a cost-effective domain decomposition method based on contact balance is presented, and the algorithm flowchart including contact computing is provided, and the parallel computing process and communication overhead are analyzed. Furthermore, scalability of the parallel computing method on different hardware platforms, the SGI Onyx 3800 and the ShenWei cluster, is studied. Finally, the effect of different domain decomposition strategy on vehicle crashworthiness simulation computing efficiency is presented. To end users, the research results should provide a reference for vehicle design and choosing appropriate hardware platform and computing software.     

Serial private infrastructures

This paper investigates private supply of two congestible infrastructures that are serial, where the consumer has to use both in order to consume. Four market structures are analysed: a monopoly and 3 duopolies that differ in how firms interact. It is well known that private supply leads too high usage fees, and that a serial duopoly leads to even higher fees than a monopoly, as firms are monopolists on their sections. But, as this paper finds, a duopoly can also lead to a different capacity rule than the first-best one, and this distortion differs from with two parallel facilities. Finally, four auction formats for the right to build and operate facilities are investigated. With a bid auction, the competition is on how much to pay the government. This auction leads to the same outcome as no auction. An auction on the facility’s capacity leads to an even lower welfare than no auction, as firms set overly large high capacities. Conversely, an auction on the generalised price or number of users leads to the first-best outcome, which they do when the facilities go to one or two winners and both with serial as with parallel facilities.     

隐式中墙连拱隧道平行中隔壁工法设计与分析

分析连拱隧道工法研究现状和趋势,结合隐式中墙复合式连拱隧道[1-2]结构形式,提出一种新的连拱隧道施工方法—平行中隔壁法,其无需中墙临时支护,预留岩体保护中墙,减小对环境的影响,大幅提高连拱隧道的施工效率,实现连拱隧道的快捷施工。对平行中隔壁法进行详细设计与分析,并对其进行数值模拟。结果表明:平行中隔壁法可保证隐式中墙复合式连拱隧道施工安全,各上台阶步序开挖和拆撑为控制竖向变形的关键工序,左洞拱腰与中墙连接处和左洞仰拱与中墙连接处是初期支护的安全控制点。     

面向可再生能源利用的集装箱港口环境经济效益仿真

可再生能源具有环境友好、可循环利用等优点,综合利用可再生能源是绿色集装箱港口发展的必然趋势。应用系统仿真的方法量化港口装卸生产能源消耗量,结合环境经济效益计算方法定量分析可再生能源替代传统能源的环境经济效益。以某港区采用风力发电为例,对比分析集卡、岸桥和场桥能源替代后的环境效益与经济效益。     

Mobility, social exclusion and well-being: Exploring the links

Building on a growing research foundation, transport policy makers have begun to associate the ability to be mobile with having a role in the facilitation of social inclusion. However, the further connection to well-being is not as well understood. This paper explores the association between a person’s travel patterns, their risk of social exclusion and self-assessed well-being. Key influences on social exclusion are discussed, with trip making emerging as a significant influence. Trip making is not a significant direct influence on well-being but does exercise an indirect influence through the impact on risk of social exclusion. The modelling process enables a value for additional trips to be estimated, the value being about four times the values derived from conventional generated traffic approaches. Similar high values are found in separate metropolitan and regional case studies, confirming the significance of the results.     

广州市快速公交系统影响评价

为分析广州市快速公交(BRT)运营一年来的实施效果,评估其对出行者、城市和交通发展的影响,开展影响评价研究.提出了BRT影响评价层次分析框架,分别从客流量、服务水平、环境效益、社会效益以及经济效益五个层面分析了广州市BRT的实施效果.评价分析结果证明:BRT开通运营后,乘客出行时间明显缩短,公交运行速度和准点率显著提高...