基于风险管理的桥梁维护策略多目标优化方法

以最优化桥梁构件可靠度指标、维护费用和桥梁的日平均交通量为目标,考虑各个目标的权重系数,采用多目标最优指标（MOI）．且基于帕累托最优理论和折衷规划法而建立的桥梁维护策略多目标优化方法,经实例证明可为基于维护目的而进行桥梁最优排序提供一个实用而有效的途径。     

Improving travel efficiency by parking permits distribution and trading

In this paper, we study various parking management schemes in a many-to-one network, where each origin is connected to the destination by a highway with a bottleneck and a parallel transit line. First, we derive a model to compute the morning commuting pattern when the destination has inadequate parking space to accommodate potential private cars. Second, we propose and compare the following three schemes of distributing parking permits to commuters residing in different origins: uniform, Pareto improving, and system optimum distribution of parking permits. Third, free trading of parking permits among commuters in a free market is introduced to better cater for commuters’ parking needs. Numerical examples show that parking permits distribution and trading are very efficient in traffic management.     

Traffic rationing and pricing in a linear monocentric city

This paper presents a simple spatial equilibrium model for a linear monocentric city to investigate the effects of rationing and pricing on morning commuters' travel cost and modal choice behavior in each location. Under rationing and pricing, every day in the morning peak hour, each commuter is classified as either “free” or “rationed”. “Free” commuters are allowed to use the highway without paying the toll, whereas “rationed” commuters can avoid the toll only if they travel by transit. Each day, a fraction of commuters are rationed in their free use of the highway, and the rationing fractions are determined systematically so that everyone is equally rationed in a given period. It is found that Pareto‐improving rationing and pricing scheme might be obtained as a combination of the rationing degree and the toll associated with rationing. Extension to the rationing and pricing scheme with cordon and park‐and‐ride service has been made. Cordon and park‐and‐ride might help in improving the efficiency of rationing and pricing strategy although remains its Pareto‐improving property. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimization of pedestrian phase patterns at signalized intersections: a multi‐objective approach

This paper presents a multi‐objective optimization model and its solution algorithm for optimization of pedestrian phase patterns, including the exclusive pedestrian phase (EPP) and the conventional two‐way crossing (TWC) at an intersection. The proposed model will determine the optimal pedestrian phase pattern and the corresponding signal timings at an intersection to best accommodate both vehicular traffic and pedestrian movements. The proposed model is unique with respect to the following three critical features: (1) proposing an unbiased performance index for comparison of EPP and TWC by explicitly modeling the pedestrian delay under the control of TWC and EPP; (2) developing a multi‐objective model to maximize the utilization of the available green time by vehicular traffic and pedestrian under both EPP or TWC; and (3) designing a genetic algorithm based heuristic algorithm to solve the model. Case study and sensitivity analysis results have shown the promising property of the proposed model to assist traffic practitioners, researchers, and authorities in properly selecting pedestrian phase patterns at signalized intersections. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A multi-objective train scheduling model and solution

This paper develops a multi-objective optimization model for the passenger train-scheduling problem on a railroad network which includes single and multiple tracks, as well as multiple platforms with different train capacities. In this study, lowering the fuel consumption cost is the measure of satisfaction of the railway company and shortening the total passenger-time is being regarded as the passenger satisfaction criterion. The solution of the problem consists of two steps. First the Pareto frontier is determined using the -constraint method, and second, based on the obtained Pareto frontier detailed multi-objective optimization is performed using the distance-based method with three types of distances. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the model and solution methodology.     

基于多目标优化遗传算法的武器-目标分配

针对武器‐目标火力分配问题,建立了基于效能最大和用弹量最少的多目标优化模型。基于 Pareto集非劣分层思想对遗传算法进行改进,利用非劣分层遗传算法处理武器‐目标分配多目标优化问题。非劣分层遗传算法通过对种群内的所有个体的多个目标函数进行非劣分层排序来度量个体的适应能力,通过遗传算法实现多样性进化操作,能够获取Pareto最优解集,以供决策者参考。仿真试验表明：该方法能够获得满意的分配结果,方便快捷地解决多平台多类型武器‐目标分配问题。     

考虑车辆尾气污染暴露的系统网络优化模型

为缓解车辆尾气排放对出行者造成的影响,为交通规划与管理部门提供一种新的规划思路,从交通管理者的角度,以出行者为研究对象,集成高斯扩散模型,建立了考虑尾气污染暴露的系统网络优化模型.利用Matlab和MINOS对非线性模型进行求解,并通过算例验证了模型和算法的有效性,研究结果表明,所建立的模型能够以牺牲系统小部分行驶时间为代价(+10.45%),有效地降低路网中的尾气污染暴露(-41.13%).通过分析比较,系统行驶时间与系统尾气污染暴露之间存在Pareto优化,即决策者可根据规划目的权衡缓解交通拥堵与减少尾气暴露的关系.     

面向多用户类的拥堵和排放收费方案研究

研究表明在城市交通运行管理中,通常难以实现同时缓解交通拥堵和减少排放的目标.实施道路拥堵收费方案可以有效地管理用户的出行需求,从而减缓交通拥堵,但未必能减少尾气总排放.本文面向多用户类,分别包括不同时间价值的用户(多时间价值用户)和不同车型的用户(多车型用户),通过建立同时考虑拥堵和排放的双目标优化模型,证明多用户类无论基于时间成本准则或者费用成本准则选择路径,都存在一种有效的道路收费方案使帕累托有效流达到用户均衡的状态,实现同时减缓交通拥堵和降低排放的目标.     

Synergetic Optimization of Missile Shapes for Aerodynamic and Radar Cross-Section Performance Based on Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm

IntroductionIt is well known that the aerodynamic perfor-mance depends on the shape of missiles. And sodoes the electromagnetic performance( radar- ob-servable) of missiles. The aerodynamic design ofsuch missile must account for high ratio of lift todrag as well as enough stability.As for the elec-tromagnetic performance should be considered,theaerodynamic specialist may have to reconcile therequirements of his best aerodynamic designagainst the electromagnetic requirements of a RCSspecialis…     

高速铁路车站咽喉区与到发线综合运用优化

研究接发列车的到发线分配和咽喉区进路选择问题,在满足到发线使用规则的条 件下,以作业计划稳定性强和接发车进路条件优为目标,构建到发线与车站咽喉区运用多目 标优化模型.采用改进的带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)对模型进行求解,算法 能有效保存优秀个体和降低计算复杂度.最后以某高速铁路车站为例,采用Matlab 编程得到 模型的Pareto 最优解集,从解集中选择1 个解,将其结果与原始到发线方案进行对比,结果表 明,采用该模型和算法能有效改进车站咽喉区与到发线的综合运用方案.