Electric vehicle parking in European and American context: Economic,energy and environmental analysis

The transportation sector faces increasing challenges related to energy consumption and local and global emissions profiles. Thus, alternative vehicle technologies and energy pathways are being considered in order to overturn this trend and electric mobility is considered one adequate possibility towards a more sustainable transportation sector.In this sense, this research work consisted on the development of a methodology to assess the economic feasibility of deploying EV charging stations (Park-EV) by quantifying the tradeoff between economic and energy/environmental impacts for EV parking spaces deployment. This methodology was applied to 4 different cities (Lisbon, Madrid, Minneapolis and Manhattan), by evaluating the influence of parking premium, infrastructure cost and occupancy rates on the investment Net Present Value (NPV). The main findings are that the maximization of the premium and the minimization of the equipment cost lead to higher NPV results. The NPV break-even for the cities considered is more “easily” reached for higher parking prices, namely in the case of Manhattan with the higher parking price profile. In terms of evaluating occupancy rates of the EV parking spaces, shifting from a low usage (LU) to a high usage (HU) scenario represented a reduction in the premium to obtain a NPV = 0 of approximately 14% for a 2500 € equipment cost, and, in the case of a zero equipment cost (e.g. financed by the city), a NPV = 0 was obtained with approximately a 2% reduction in the parking premium. Moreover, due to the use of electric mobility instead of the average conventional technologies, Well-to-Wheel (WTW) gains for Lisbon, Madrid, Minneapolis and Manhattan were estimated in 58%, 53%, 52% and 75% for energy consumption and 66%, 75%, 62% and 86% for CO₂ emissions, respectively.This research confirms that the success of deploying an EV charging stations infrastructure will be highly dependent on the price the user will have to pay, on the cost of the infrastructure deployed and on the adhesion of the EV users to this kind of infrastructure. These variables are not independent and, consequently, the coordination of public policies and private interest must be promoted in order to reach an optimal solution that does not result in prohibitive costs for the users.     

Evaluating parking reservation policy in urban areas: An environmental perspective

This paper investigates a parking reservation mechanism to reduce car cruising to find parking. To consider the benefits for drivers and parking facility providers, we charge drivers for making reservations in addition to parking fees, by introducing a reservation pricing model that makes reservation prices equivalent to the value of saved search time. By modeling the number of vacant spaces as a stochastic variable, and applying binomial pricing methods, parking reservation prices are obtained. Numerical examples based on the data for two parking facilities in Taiwan are given.     

移动式水下观测网络试验节点研制

研制了一种低成本的试验节点作为移动式水下观测网络(MUSN)的有效技术验证平台。以一种现有的可在水面航行的小型运载器为基础,引入深度控制系统,得到了一种可以在浅水域完成可控运动的移动试验节点。针对MUSN节点间距较小的特点,提出了可抵偿偏差的移动定位算法,利用水声MODEM的测距信息实现节点在水下移动时较精确的定位。露天水域试验验证了该节点路径跟踪的性能,精度满足应用需要。该节点具备自主航行和节点间通信能力,可以用于MUSN协调控制技术的验证研究。     

武汉市主城区自行车停车设施规划与管理模式研究

自行车停车设施规划是自行车交通系统规划的重要内容。国内大多城市对自行车停车设施规划与建设不够重视,出现自行车停车难的尴尬局面。结合武汉市主城区自行车发展概况,探索自行车停车设施规划方法与管理措施,提出了分类分块、重点布设的原则以及停车设施分级规划思路,从自行车停车需求预测、停车场布局方法、停车管理措施等方面进行了探讨,以期完善自行车系统规划,提高自行车的吸引率。     

电子驻车制动系统整车应用研究

电子驻车制动系统（EPB）是一种新兴的汽车电子控制技术,目前在欧美汽车市场已得到广泛应用,国内汽车市场现在也开始进入推广阶段。文章针对电子驻车制动系统在整车上的应用,通过对3种典型的电子驻车制动系统进行介绍,以及对系统结构、工作原理及功能特点等方面进行对比分析,提出了电子驻车制动系统在整车上应用开发时需要注意的要点因素,为电子驻车制动系统与整车的匹配设计提供参考。     

基于城市交通流自组织性的UTCS与UTFGS协同理论分析

以协同学理论框架分析城市交通流系统的自组织演化,对UTCS与UTFGS役使城市交通流系统自组织有序化进行分析。在分析城市交通流、UTCS与UTFGS的时空特性及两者关联关系的基础上,从子系统功能整合与功能互补的角度,提出UTCS与UTFGS协同研究体系结构和3项主要内容:信息协同、策略协同和协同实施,为UTCS与UTFGS协同的具体研究与实际应用提供理论指导。     

城市中心商业区停车时长选择模型

城市中心商业区停车供给不足是许多城市面临的共同问题。利用停车政策,调节停车者的停车时间选择行为,提高停车位周转率是增加停车供给的一项重要方法。本文以停车时间长度选择行为为对象,利用在北京市商业区———西单地区的停车行为调查数据和Logistic模型,建立了停车时间长度的选择模型。利用这些模型,分析了各种政策因素对停车时间长度选择的影响。文中提出的模型将有助于旨在提高停车位周转率的停车政策的制定。     

以信号微机监测系统为手段指导信号设备维修

实现信号设备状态修，是电务设备维护的最终目标。我们要正确认识和发挥微机监测系统功能，以微机监测系统信息为基础，科学指导信号设备维修。     

SL6400A轻型客车驻车制动传动机构的改进

SL6400A轻型客车驻车制动器采用后桥车轮鼓式制动器，该车原驻车制动机构存在传动环节多、支座刚性差及拉索走向不合理等因素，致使左、右后轮制动力不平衡或不足，通过分析与对比，自行设计了一种新型驻车制动传动机构，该结构可通过平衡器的转动保证左、右后轮制动力不平衡或不足，通过分析与对比，自行设计了一种新型驻车制动传动机构，该结构可通过平衡器的转动保证左、右后拉索拉力相等。试验证明，驻车制动效果良好。     

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国内各大中城市中，关于停车位置及泊位利用情况的信息提供相对比较缺乏，车辆因寻找停车场而增加盲目绕行距离，从而导致城市路网的交通压力增大.从提供公共信息服务的角度，进行停车诱导信息系统的设计.首先探讨系统的功能要求，之后建立其工作原理、软件体系以及算法设计，最后进行预测效果分析.