Expirable parking reservations for managing morning commute with parking space constraints

When total parking supply in an urban downtown area is insufficient, morning commuters would choose their departure times not only to trade off bottleneck congestion and schedule delays, but also to secure a parking space. Recent studies found that an appropriate combination of reserved and unreserved parking spaces can spread the departures of those morning commuters and hence reduce their total travel cost. To further mitigate both traffic congestion and social cost from competition for parking, this study considers a parking reservation scheme with expiration times, where commuters with a parking reservation have to arrive at parking spaces for the reservation before a predetermined expiration time. We first show that if all parking reservations have the same expiration time, it is socially preferable to set the reservations to be non-expirable, i.e., without expiration time. However, if differentiated expiration times are properly designed, the total travel cost can be further reduced as compared with the reservation scheme without expiration time, since the peak will be further smoothed out. We explore socially desirable equilibrium flow patterns under the parking reservation scheme with differentiated expiration times. Finally, efficiencies of the reservation schemes are examined.     

A study on smart parking guidance algorithm

Parking problem becomes one of major issues in the city transportation management since the spatial resource of a city is limited and the parking cost is expensive. Lots of cars on the road should spend unnecessary time and consume energy during searching for parking due to limited parking space. To cope with these limitations and give more intelligent solutions to drivers in the selection of parking facility, this study proposes a smart parking guidance algorithm. The proposed algorithm supports drivers to find the most appropriate parking facility considering real-time status of parking facilities in a city. To suggest the most suitable parking facility, several factors such as driving distance to the guided parking facility, walking distance from the guided parking facility to destination, expected parking cost, and traffic congestion due to parking guidance, are considered in the proposed algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, simulation tests have been carried out. The proposed algorithm helps to maximize the utilization of space resources of a city, and reduce unnecessary energy consumption and CO₂ emission of wandering cars since it is designed to control the utilization of parking facility efficiently and reduce traffic congestion due to parking space search.     

机动对SINS对准中惯性仪表误差估计的影响

为了尽可能估计出捷联惯导系统中惯性仪表的误差,建立捷联惯导系统误差方程和量测方程,运用传递对准技术,构建了速度匹配方式下的Kalman滤波器模型,研究了线加速和拐弯机动下对惯性仪表误差估计的影响,并对计算机仿真结果进行比较分析,仿真结果表明:线加速情况下可以提高陀螺漂移误差的估计精度,拐弯情况下可以提高加速度计偏置误差的估计精度。     

Estimation of left-turning vehicle maneuvers for the assessment of pedestrian safety at intersections

Improving pedestrian safety at intersections remains a critical issue. Although several types of safety countermeasures, such as reforming intersection layouts, have been implemented, methods have not yet been established to quantitatively evaluate the effects of these countermeasures before installation. One of the main issues in pedestrian safety is conflicts with turning vehicles. This study aims to develop an integrated model to represent the variations in the maneuvers of left-turners (left-hand traffic) at signalized intersections that dynamically considers the vehicle reaction to intersection geometry and crossing pedestrians. The proposed method consists of four empirically developed stochastic sub-models, including a path model, free-flow speed profile model, lag/gap acceptance model, and stopping/clearing speed profile model. Since safety assessment is the main objective driving the development of the proposed model, this study uses post-encroachment time (PET) and vehicle speed at the crosswalk as validation parameters. Preliminary validation results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation show that the proposed integrated model can realistically represent the variations in vehicle maneuvers as well as the distribution of PET and vehicle speeds at the crosswalk.     

机动指挥系统野外环境供电设计探讨

机动指挥系统便于灵活机动地展开撤收,适合野外环境工作。系统供电是野外工作的重要保障,随着机动指挥系统越来越多的使用,对供电形式要求也不尽相同,将对机动系统野外供电方式进行探讨。     

船舶航行横向补给超越运动控制

为了保证舰船安全,进行航行横向补给运动控制时,需要充分考虑两船水动力干扰的影响。引入水动力干扰负载到船舶运动方程中,建立了两船航行横向补给运动数学模型,给出了运动控制算法。仿真结果表明,两船能够较好地保持期望的横向距离,从而保证了航行横向补给舰船的安全。     

潜艇机动规避主动定向声纳浮标方法研究

为了使潜艇成功规避主动定向声纳浮标阵,免遭反潜武器攻击,根据主动定向声纳浮标对潜跟踪的定位方法,构建了潜艇机动规避主动声纳浮标阵的数学模型并进行仿真计算,最后通过仿真结果具体分析了潜艇机动规避主动定向声纳浮标阵的一般行动原则。     

基于离散分布的智能停车诱导系统中空余泊位数的预测研究

本文根据城市公共停车场泊位占有率在时间上表现出的周期性及其随时间的变化趋势,不考虑其由于受各种随机因素影响所表现出的不确定性,将车辆进出停车场的行为看成可描述事件。利用离散分布模型描述行为进行,建立数学模型,表达经过某段时间后停车场的空余停泊位数。最后通过算例计算验证模型的可行性,可用于停车诱导屏的泊位预测。     

合肥市停车问题及对策研究

近年来,“车多场少”的问题已成为城市交通的突出矛盾,并严重影响城市发展．随着私家车拥有量的增长,这一矛盾将更加突出,解决城市“停车难”问题已迫在眉睫。随着合肥市城市的发展和机动车数量的增加,停车问题日益严重．本文对合肥市停车现状进行调查分析,指出存在的停车问题,并结合实际情况提出,相应的改善的停车措施．即：合理规划,加大停车设施规划建设的力度;加大对城市建设项目交通影响评价的力度;大力发展公共交通;大力发展新型停车设施;制定科学的收费标准及管理体制．     

驻车加热器燃用3种燃料的燃烧性能试验研究

针对乙醇、汽油、汽油和乙醇混合物(E50)等3种燃料,在某驻车加热器上进行了燃烧特性试验,研究3种燃料在燃烧器内稳定燃烧时各参数的变化,分析了不同工况下燃烧器内的温度变化以及过量空气系数对燃烧温度的影响.试验结果表明,3种燃料在燃烧室内各点温度变化规律与额定工况下相同;汽油的燃烧温度随过量空气系数的增大而减小,具有较好的燃烧性能;3种燃料的过量空气系数与风机电压基本呈线性关系.