新型模糊PID控制在UUV操纵上的研究

水下航行器的操纵控制是较难控制的系统,其非线性强,惯性大,模型不确定.传统PID控制已经不能适应这种复杂对象的控制.模糊控制引入了人的思维及专家的经验,能够很好的弥补PID控制的不足.本文研究的Fuzzy PI＋ Fuzzy ID型控制器结合了PID控制与模糊控制的优点,它根据误差的变化实时调整PID的参数,以达到良好的控制效果.仿真试验表明,Fuzzy PI ＋Fuzzy ID型控制器反应速度快,超调量小,过渡时间短,鲁棒性好,可以适用于水下航行器的操纵控制.     

舰船质心干扰作战决策建模与仿真

针对箔条质心干扰的作战使用问题,分析了质心干扰的原理和需要满足的使用条件,建立了舰船、箔条云运动模型以及雷达反射面积模型,推导得到质心和导弹的运动模型,根据模型仿真得到了质心干扰的效果与干扰弹发射舷角、舰船机动角度以及作战海域的风向之间的关系,得出了一定条件下最佳的干扰弹发射决策和舰艇机动决策。     

流函数法在 UUV 航路规划中的应用及改进

UUV相关技术的发展越来越多地受到广泛重视,其航路规划算法研究日益成为相关研究领域的重要课题。论文介绍了一种起源于流体力学的算法———流函数法,可有效应用于UUV的局部航路规划。针对UUV在实际应用中由于自身机动性、探测性能约束而产生的问题,提出了改进流函数法,能够更有效地规划航路。     

轮胎原地转向离散仿真模型

建立了轮胎印记范围内的原地转向物理模型,对印记内的胎面进行了离散处理,分析了胎面单元的变形和滑移情况,通过胎体上下表面的力矩平衡,得到轮胎所受回正力矩,并对计算过程进行了详细说明。给出不同工况下原地转向时轮胎所受回正力矩,并进行了试验验证。结果表明,该离散仿真模型能较好的反应轮胎的原地转向特性,能方便地分析轮胎结构参数及印迹内压力分布对原地转向特性的影响。     

DTQ6400轻型客车驻车制动传动机构的分析和改进

在分析论述ＤＴＱ６４００轻型客车驻车制动传机构所在的问题及其影响因素的基础上，提出了改进方案，并自行设计，研制了一种新型结构。经试验证明，这种新的制动传动机构的结构简单，易维修，易调整，是切实可行的。     

Environmental repercussions of parking demand management strategies using a constrained logit model

In order to select the correct mobility strategy, individuals’ choice behavior must be studied, and their reactions in response to strategies must be predicted. Upon exploring aspects subject to constraints, our results included walking distance, parking rates, search time and parking availability. We have identified scenarios in which simulation outputs of environmental parking mobility strategies differ significantly when using the Constrained Multi-Nominal Logit (CMNL) when compared with the widely used Multi-Nominal Logit (MNL). With the CMNL model growing in popularity, it is worth considering environmental mobility strategy repercussions in this context with the incorporation of relevant constraints.     

On the morning commute problem with bottleneck congestion and parking space constraints

Morning commuters choose their departure times based on a combination of factors—the chances of running into bottleneck congestion, the likely schedule delays, and parking space availability. This study investigates the morning commute problem with both bottleneck congestion and parking space constraints. In particular, it considers the situation when some commuters have reserved parking spots while others have to compete for public ones on a first-come-first-served basis. Unlike the traditional pure bottleneck model, the rush-hour dynamic traffic pattern with a binding parking capacity constraint varies with the relative proportions of the two classes of commuters. It is found that an appropriate combination of reserved and unreserved parking spots can temporally relieve traffic congestion at the bottleneck and hence reduce the total system cost, because commuters without a reserved parking spot are compelled to leave home earlier in order to secure a public parking spot. System performance is quantified in terms of the relative proportions of the two classes of commuters and is compared with those in the extreme cases when all auto commuters have to compete for parking and when none of them have to compete for one.     

Truck parking in urban areas: Application of choice modelling within traffic microsimulation

Urban truck parking policies include time restrictions, pricing policies, space management and enforcement. This paper develops a method for investigating the potential impact of truck parking policy in urban areas. An econometric parking choice model is developed that accounts for parking type and location. A traffic simulation module is developed that incorporates the parking choice model to select suitable parking facilities/locations. The models are demonstrated to evaluate the impact of dedicating on-street parking in a busy street system in the Toronto CBD. The results of the study show lower mean searching time for freight vehicles when some streets are reserved for freight parking, accompanied by higher search and walking times for passenger vehicles.     

Urban freight,parking and pricing policies: An evaluation from a transport providers’ perspective

This paper investigates transport providers’ preferences for alternative loading bays and pricing policies. It estimates the importance of loading bays, the probability of finding them free and offers strategically relevant information to policy makers. The results underline the relevance of both preference heterogeneity and non-linear attribute effects. Three classes of agents are detected with substantially different preferences also characterized by non-linear sensitivity to attribute level variations. The specific freight sector, frequency of accesses and number of employees are all relevant covariates explaining different preferences for alternative transport providers’ categories. The implications of the results obtained are illustrated by simulating alternative policy scenarios. In conclusion, the paper underlines the need for rigorous policy analysis if the correct policy outcomes are to be estimated with an adequate level of accuracy.     

How driver behaviour and parking alignment affects inductive charging systems for electric vehicles

Inductive charging, a form of wireless charging, uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects. This emerging technology offers an alternative solution to users having to physically plug in their electric vehicle (EV) to charge. Whilst manufacturers claim inductive charging technology is market ready, the efficiency of transfer of electrical energy is highly reliant on the accurate alignment of the coils involved. Therefore understanding the issue of parking misalignment and driver behaviour is an important human factors question, and the focus of this paper. Two studies were conducted, one a retrospective analysis of 100 pre-parked vehicles, the second a dynamic study where 10 participants parked an EV aiming to align with a charging pad with no bay markings as guidance. Results from both studies suggest that drivers are more accurate at parking laterally than in the longitudinal direction, with a mean lateral distance from the centre of the bay being 12.12 and 9.57 cm (retrospective and dynamic studies respectively) compared to longitudinally 23.73 and 73.48 cm. With current inductive charging systems having typical tolerances of approximately ±10 cm from their centre point, this study has shown that only 5% of vehicles in both studies would be aligned sufficiently accurately to allow efficient transfer of electrical energy through induction.