一种基于位置误差检测门限的机动目标跟踪算法

文章针对交互多模型算法（IMM）运算量大、模型集设定偏离真实目标机动轨迹等情况,通过将变结构交互多模型算法（VSMM）的机动检测准则进行改进,提出了一种基于位置误差检测门限的VSMM算法。通过将两种算法的跟踪效果进行仿真对比,结果说明文章所提算法能够较为有效地改善对机动目标的跟踪情况,具有一定的理论价值。     

自行车停放管理对策分析

自行车失窃时有发生,停放管理是解决这一问题的有效方法。对不同管理模式的缺陷与适应条件进行了分析,对建设停放设施加强自行车停放安全的手段进行了探讨。结合实际,提出免费自管与收费管理并存的模式。     

The economics of parking provision for the morning commute

In this paper, we study the economics of parking provision for the morning commute, where all the parking lots are owned and operated by private operators. The parking capacity allocations, parking fees and access times are considered in a parking market. First we solve the parking market equilibrium without regulatory intervention, revealing four types of competitive equilibrium. Only one of the four types of equilibrium, however, is found to be stable and realistic, and under it each parking area is preferred by the commuters during certain time periods. Compared to the case without parking choice, provision of parking through a competitive market is able to reduce commuters’ travel cost and queuing delay, but it does not necessarily lead to the most desirable market outcome that minimizes social cost or commuter cost. This issue can be addressed through market regulations, such as price-ceiling, capacity-floor or capacity-ceiling, and a quantity tax/subsidy regulation. It is found that both price-ceiling and quantity tax/subsidy regulations can efficiently reduce both the system cost and commuter cost under certain conditions, and help ensure the stability of the parking market. Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate these findings and furthermore, how a price ceiling or a quantity tax/subsidy should be set in a parking market under realistic model parameters.     

A Real-Time Parking Prediction System for Smart Cities

A methodological framework for multiple steps ahead parking availability prediction is presented. Two different types of predictions are provided: the probability of a free space to continue being free in subsequent time intervals, and the short-term parking occupancy prediction in selected regions of an urban road network. The available data come from a wide network of on-street parking sensors in the “smart” city of Santander, Spain. The sensor network is segmented in four different regions, and then survival and neural network models are developed for each region separately. Findings show that the Weibull parametric models best describe the probability of a parking space to continue to be free in the forthcoming time intervals. Moreover, simple genetically optimized multilayer perceptrons accurately predict region parking occupancy rates up to 30 minutes in the future by exploiting 1-minute data. Finally, the real time, Web-based, implementation of the proposed parking prediction availability system is presented.     

高速公路服务区停车位计算参数探析

文章分析了高速公路服务区规模与停车位的关系,介绍了停车位计算模型,并结合江西省高速公路服务区的实地调查情况,对交通量、驶入率、周转率及高峰率等服务区停车位计算参数进行了计算分析,得出了高速公路服务区停车位计算参数值。     

试论单桨船制动机动中的偏向力

制动机动是船舶操纵运动中一个比较复杂而有重要实践意义的课题,舰船驾驶员必须充分掌握舰船的制动机动性能。但是,由于单螺旋桨舰船制动机动过程中的偏向力尚未得到充分的研究和论述,目前还不能完善地定性、定量分析单桨船制动机动中的复杂的偏转现象。本文在总结船模和实船试验的基础上,通过定性分析的方法,给出单桨船倒车偏向力的一般规律和水动力学解释,并给出几类单桨船制动机动偏向力的估算方法,有助于舰船驾驶员充分、快速地掌握本船的制动机动性能。     

基于 NGSIM 轨迹数据的换道行为微观特性分析

换道行为在不同的换道意图下可分为自由换道和强制换道两类,选用 NGSIM 轨迹数据对二者微观特性进行对比分析.为保证数据准确性,在平滑处理基础上,以剔除轨迹数据换道过程识别错误为目的,构建了换道起终点时空约束规则,对完整的单次换道行为参数进行了提取.利用半对数模型,采用回归分析法对影响二者换道时间的显著性因素进行提取并对比;同时建立多项式模型,选取多个误差指标对不同阶数下换道横向移动轨迹拟合效果进行评价.结果表明,强制换道平均换道时间稍长于自由换道,影响二者换道时间的显著性因素及各因素影响程度并不相同;但二者横向移动轨迹均可用5次多项式拟合,拟合优度可达0.99.     

电子驻车制动系统整车应用研究

电子驻车制动系统（EPB）是一种新兴的汽车电子控制技术,目前在欧美汽车市场已得到广泛应用,国内汽车市场现在也开始进入推广阶段。文章针对电子驻车制动系统在整车上的应用,通过对3种典型的电子驻车制动系统进行介绍,以及对系统结构、工作原理及功能特点等方面进行对比分析,提出了电子驻车制动系统在整车上应用开发时需要注意的要点因素,为电子驻车制动系统与整车的匹配设计提供参考。     

城市高架桥下停车场规划设计探讨

随着城市的发展及机动车数量的快速增长,城市停车难矛盾日益突出。在对高架桥下设置停车场可行性分析的基础上,提出2种停车需求分析方法,并对高架桥下停车场设计准则及要点进行分析,给出了高架桥下建设停车场的几点建议,对城市高架桥下停车场的规划设计具有较强的指导意义。     

联合机动编队兵力配置冲突消解

联合机动编队兵力配置是攻防作战的前提,众多兵力同时配置产生的冲突制约编队战斗力的发挥。着眼于联合机动编队整体作战效益,对联合机动编队兵力配置中的冲突消解问题展开研究。在分析联合机动编队兵力配置冲突产生原因的基础上,确定消解冲突的原则,针对联合机动编队兵力配置中的典型冲突问题提出消解方法,为解决联合机动编队兵力配置中的冲突问题提供思路。