道路路面用橡胶沥青的性能特点与指标体系

橡胶沥青及其混合料,体现了极限强度和使用状态力学指标截然不同的表现。首先展示了这个显著的差异,随后根据橡胶沥青复合特点,解释了差异产生的原因,以及不同指标的适用性。在此基础上,参考国际上成熟应用橡胶沥青的国家和地区的相关规范,以及在我国的研究和工程应用经验,推荐了橡胶沥青及其混合料的技术指标体系。     

真然高性能矿渣水泥配制混凝土试验性能研究

论述了真然高性能矿渣水泥配制高性能混凝土的性能优势以及对所制作的高性能混凝土的各项性能的试验研究,包括混凝土强度、流动性、耐久性能、体积稳定性和断裂力学行为等,利用普通硅酸盐水泥配制的混凝土作对比性试验。研究结果表明,真然高性能矿渣水泥配制混凝土的力学和耐久性能指标达到了用同标号北京琉璃河水泥厂的普通硅酸盐水泥配制混凝土的相应性能指标,可以用于各搅拌站混凝土及一些有特殊性能要求的高性能混凝土的拌制。     

The impacts of changing flight demands and throughput performance on airport delays through the Great Recession

Several significant events between 2007 and 2009 impacted flight demands and the abilities of the three major New York area airports to handle demand. This paper assesses the results of applying a probabilistic simulation method – which isolates the individual contributions of changes in flight demand and changes in airport throughput performance to changes in flight delays – to diagnose how these different events may have caused operational changes at these airports, and in turn, how the results may be used to inform policies for appropriate countermeasures. The analysis revealed two key observations. Firstly, certain patterns in throughput performance shifts caused the most significant delays, and were more likely to have been caused by controller staffing issues rather than caps. Secondly, relatively constant average delays from one year to the next may result from significant demand drops accompanied by large throughput performance degradations at an airport. This suggests that not only operational limitations on capacity encourage airlines to reduce schedules, but that changed demands can also impact throughput performance. Overall, the analysis indicates that caps may not have provided their fully intended delay benefits. Although they successfully reduced overall flight demands at LGA and JFK, they also directly limited throughput performance at critical times, in turn limiting delay benefits. In addition, demands at the busiest times of the day appear to be relatively inelastic to these operational limitations, insofar as demand profiles at EWR and JFK remained “peaky” in 2008 and 2009. Also, the recession was largely responsible for reducing demands at the airports in 2009, but the delay benefits of this were dampened by a corresponding throughput performance degradation. Based on the above observations, a more direct demand management policy combined with policies that focus on maintaining high staffing capabilities at critical times of the day may be considered, to reduce the likelihood of major queue formation on days that do experience sustained demands. The results also suggest that a more flexible caps system, particularly during times of heavy queues, could be explored. Although airport practitioners have keen understandings of how their airports operate, without the support of quantitative analysis tools, it can be more difficult to argue the need for appropriate countermeasures. An analysis such as the one presented here can provide the detailed quantitative substantiation required to build cases for these targeted policy directives and infrastructure investments.     

Experimental investigation of evaporation rate and exhaust emissions of diesel engine fuelled with cotton seed methyl ester and its blend with petro-diesel

An experimental study to measure the evaporation rates, engine performance and emission characteristics of cotton seed biodiesel (cotton seed oil methyl ester) and its blends in different volumetric proportions with diesel is presented. The thermo-physical properties of all the fuel blends have been measured and presented. Evaporation rates of neat cotton seed biodiesel, neat diesel and their bends have been measured under slow convective environment of air flowing with a constant temperature. Evaporation constants have been determined by using the droplet regression rate data. The neat fuels and fuel blends have been utilized in a test engine with different load conditions to evaluate the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of the fuels. The specific fuel consumption values of the two blends, viz. B25 and B75 are found to be same. At the highest load, B0 records the lowest CO volume followed by B100. From the observed evaporation, performance and emissions characteristics, it is suggested that a blend of B50 and B75 can be optimally used in standard diesel engine settings.     

滚流对火花点火式发动机性能的影响

火花点火发动机气缸内空气运动的滚流与涡流一样，都可以增加燃烧室中的湍流强度，提高火焰传播速度和燃烧速率，从而改善燃烧过程，提高发动机的动力性能。本文详细介绍了滚流形成机理和影响滚流的气道参数。对2气门TJ376Q发动机的试验结果表明：新进气道的设计提高了缸内空气运动的滚流强度和流量系数，通过进气系统的优化，可以增加发动机最大转矩和最大功率输出，试验在电控燃油喷射下精确控制燃油，降低了最低燃油消耗率。     

卫星城市区域出租车方案研究

卫星城市发展规模逐步扩大,与中心城市的距离也逐步增加,中心城市出租车数量的简单增加难以解决卫星城市的出租车交通出行需求.以兰州市西固区为例,针对区域出租车的运营范围、经营权使用期限、投放量、运营模式及定价方案五个方面进行了分析研究,并提出适合卫星城市的区域出租车方案.     

D6114柴油/CNG双燃料发动机的试验研究

D6114柴油/CNG双燃料增压中冷发动机当以双燃料方式工作时,发动机起动和怠速只燃用柴油;当转速超过某设定值,电控系统发出指令限制柴油的喷油量,天然气经混合器进入气缸参与燃烧,此时少量柴油供给主要起引燃作用,发动机负荷变化则通过改变天然气供给量的大小来实现。分析了进气温度、替代率、供油提前角对性能和排放的影响,指出按NMHC排放衡量,该双燃料发动机完全可以达到ECER49欧I标准。     

土地增值税的清算对房地产开发企业的影响及应对措施分析

研究目的：定量分析土地增值税的清算对房地产开发企业的影响，并提出应对措施。 研究方法：本文采用对比分析法，定量分析了土地增值税清算对房地产开发企业的影响和采取应对措施的效果。 研究结果：在土地增值税清算情况下，房地产企业的综合税负水平高于土地增值税预征情况下的税负水平，并且项目增值额越大，两种情况下房地产企业的综合税负水平的差别越大。 研究结论：针对土地增值税清算对房地产开发企业的利润有较大影响这一情况，可以采取集团内部转移定价和缩短项目周期的方式，从而有利于房地产开发企业将更多的利润留在企业内，合理、合法降低税负水平。     

造船周期,网络技术和模糊分布

本文就船舶建造周期的模糊性建立了相应模糊网络计划设计模型，并给出了各工艺阶段周期模糊分布确定方法，编制了船舶建造模糊网络计划图设计软件。     

G32系列柴油机研制

G32系列柴油机是广州柴油机厂新开发的船用中速大功率柴油机,新产品的研制工作采用产学研联合,由广州柴油机厂和七一一研究所以厂所合作的方式进行。G32柴油机的平均有效压力Pe=2.30MPa,倒挂主轴承结构,三段式船用大端连杆,厚壁气缸套。高效率脉冲增压系统,等压燃烧,排放机内控制,安全监测系统对主轴承温度等重要参数进行实时监控。