塑料波纹管及真空辅助灌浆技术在预应力现浇箱梁中的应用

介绍了真空辅助灌浆和塑料波纹管及相关实验和施工技术,并通过工程实例说明真空辅助灌浆和塑料波纹管在预应力现浇连续箱梁中的应用.     

爆炸固结法和塑料排水板法处理软土地基的对比试验

爆炸固结法是软土地基处理的新方法。在宁启铁路试验段现场爆炸试验的基础上,研究软土地基经过爆炸后的变形特性。在地质情况接近情况下,对比爆炸固结法与塑料排水板加堆载预压法处理的结果表明,爆炸固结法加快了土体前期固结速率和地基沉降速率,有利于缩短施工工期,适用于工期紧的工程,但同时土体也伴随着较大侧向位移;爆炸固结法相对排水固结法,总沉降量有所增加,最终侧移总量基本一致,工后沉降和可比造价较接近,在工期允许情况下工后沉降均能满足设计要求。     

A computational approach for fatigue crack propagation in ship structures under random sequence of clustered loading

The authors have developed a simulation program, CP-System, for multiple cracks propagating in a three-dimensional stiffened panel structure, where through-the-thickness crack propagation is formulated as a two-dimensional in-plane problem, and the crack propagation behavior is simulated by step-by-step finite element analyses. In order to evaluate the fatigue lives of marine structures accurately, it is necessary to take into account the load histories induced by sea waves, which may be composed of a random sequence of certain clustered loads with variable stress range. In the proposed crack growth model, the crack opening and closure behavior is simulated by using the modified strip yielding model, and the effective tensile plastic stress intensity range, ΔK _RP, is calculated by considering the contact of plastic wake along the crack surfaces. The adequacy of the proposed crack growth model is examined by comparison with fatigue tests under non-constant-amplitude loading. The usefulness of the developed method is demonstrated for a ship structural detail under certain simulated load sequences. It is shown that the fatigue crack growth of a ship structure is significantly retarded due to the load interaction effects, so that the conventional method for fatigue life assessment may predict a relatively conservative fatigue life of a structure.     

Stresses and Shear Fracture Zone of Jinshazhou Tunnel Surrounding Rock in Rich Water Region

Field evidence has shown that large-scale and unstable discontinuous planes in the rock mass surrounding tunnels in rich water region are probably generated after excavation. The tunnel surrounding rock was divided into three zones, including elastic zone, plastic damage zone and shear fracture zone fof assessing the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock. By local hydrogeology, the stresses of surrounding rock of Jinshazhou circular tunnel was analyzed and the stress solutions on the elastic and plastic damage zones were obtained by applying the theories of fluid-solid coupling and elasto-plastic damage mechanics. The shear fracture zone generated by joints was studied and its range was determined by using Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical results was validated by comparing the scopes of shear fracture zones calculated in this paper with those from literature.     

FRP约束混凝土柱强度和延性性能 试验研究

为研究碳纤维增强复合材料CFRP对约束混凝土柱延性性能的影响,玻璃纤维增强复合材 料GFRP对约束混凝土柱的强度和延性的改善效果,以及高强度CFRP以外的其他材料的约束效 应,并分析它们在约束混凝土柱中的作用机理,通过对纤维增强复合材料FRP约束柱布置纵向、 环向位移传感器进行单轴压缩试验,由裂纹走向及破坏形态总结出了FRP约束柱的破坏过程,根 据荷载-应变曲线、荷载-位移曲线研究了FRP 约束混凝土圆柱的强度和延性性能。研究结果表 明：（1） CFRP 和GFRP 作为约束材料,都可以产生强的约束效应,提高约束混凝土的强度, CFRP、GFRP约束混凝土强度分别增加了29.2%和58.6%;（2） 强约束作用下,CFRP和GFRP约 束混凝土柱的强度和延性性能得到显著改善;（3） 由于单一FRP材料的线弹性性质,FRP约束混 凝土柱破坏时脆性特征明显;（4） 与CFRP相比,变形性能较好的GFRP能更好地改善混凝土柱 的延性性能,设置1 层GFRP相比1 层CFRP延性可提高61.9%,设置2 层GFRP相比2 层CFRP延 性可提高63.6%。     

塑料加油口盖厂内喷涂工艺规划研究

文章首先介绍了塑料加油口盖基材选择及验证的要点,然后从加油口盖及其夹具的安装、加油口盖喷漆及烘烤、质量检查及报交三个方面阐述了塑料加油口盖厂内喷涂工艺规划过程中的注意事项。最后列举了加油口盖可视区漆薄、卡扣漆厚、零件变形和边缘针孔等常见质量问题并分别介绍了其解决方法和控制措施。     

考虑剪力滞后的组合梁极限承载力计算

根据规范中组合梁截面在正弯矩作用下塑性极限承载力计算方法,提出新的塑性阶段有效宽度定义,根据混凝土翼缘中合力和合力作用点同时等效来计算有效宽度。采用试验研究和非线性有限元方法,分析简支组合梁在极限状态下跨中截面混凝土翼缘内应变和应力分布规律,给出简化表达公式。针对各种参数情况下的组合梁,计算塑性极限阶段混凝土翼缘有效宽度和矩形应力块高度,根据简化的取值结果,提出塑性承载力的计算方法。     

大断面黄土隧道开挖引起的围岩力学响应

以胡麻岭隧道为工程背景,采用现场监测与三维数值模拟结合的方法,分析隧道开挖后黄土围岩应力场、位移场与塑性区的变化规律;同时对台阶法施工中影响围岩力学响应的因素进行分析.结果表明:围岩接触压力分布很不均匀;拱腰、墙角和边墙是施工过程中的薄弱环节,应加强支护刚度,设置锁脚锚杆或扩大拱脚;建议取消拱部系统锚杆,既有利于控制围岩变形又可减少工程投资;支护结构调整了围岩应力的分配,改善了应力集中且控制了塑性区的发展,故应坚持“及时支护、及早封闭成环”的原则;上台阶支护对控制拱顶沉降起着关键作用,施工中应引起足够重视;拱顶沉降在变形允许范围内,说明现行支护设计参数满足安全性要求;掌子面空间效应的影响范围约为其前方2～3倍洞径;数值计算结果与现场实测结果基本吻合.     

塑料电镀在汽车中的应用及发展

塑料电镀以其外观漂亮、耐腐蚀性高、耐磨性好、容易加工成型及质量轻等优点,越来越多地受到各汽车公司设计师的青睐,并广泛用于汽车内饰、外饰、电子零部件以及发动机舱零部件上.文章详细分析了市场上常见的各种镀层缺陷和失效原因,同时介绍了三价铬电镀、无铬粗化工艺、替代环保工艺以及复合涂镀层的研究方向.     

丰源河大桥现浇箱梁塑料波纹管道真空辅助压浆技术

结合丹海高速公路丰源河大桥现浇箱梁的施工,介绍了真空辅助压浆的原理、优点、浆体配合比的组成以及真空辅助压浆技术的工艺流程等,为今后现浇箱梁长大管道的压浆提供了很好的参考。