电动汽车V2G关键技术研究综述

V2G(Vehicle-to-grid)技术能够优化能源效率,参与电网调度,促进电网的安全性、稳定性、可靠性和经济性。文章首先阐述了V2G的概念,其次从电动汽车储能应用研究、电动汽车可调度容量研究和电动汽车移动储能对于配网影响及其协同控制研究等三个方面,综述了国内外V2G技术的研究状况。最后介绍了国内外部分有关V2G的示范应用,并对V2G关键技术的国内外研究状况进行了总结。     

Identification of emission hotspots in roundabouts corridors

This study describes a methodology to quantify and characterize the vehicular emissions of functionally interdependent roundabouts at a corridor level. Corridor segments include those upstream of each roundabout, the circulating area, downstream of the roundabout as well as midblock sub-segments between adjacent roundabouts. The main purpose of the study is to identify the locations along the corridors where emissions tend to be consistently high. These locations are termed “Emission Hotspots”. The methodology is applied to four existing roundabout corridors in San Diego (California) and Avon (Colorado) in the United States, and in Mealhada and Chaves (Portugal). An extensive sample of second-by-second speed traces is available for these four corridors with roundabouts.The analysis shows that when roundabouts are fairly spaced and have similar geometric design features, no significant differences are observed between emissions of roundabouts located in the corridor. In such cases, the downstream sub-segments are the emission hotspots both in absolute terms (overall contribution on total emissions is higher than 34%) and per unit distance (22% higher than the average corridor value). When roundabouts are unequally spaced the highest emissions hotspots (more than 9% above the average corridor value) are found at the circulating area sub-segments. The results also demonstrate that the entry deflection angle has a slight impact on the spatial distribution of emissions especially in the case of closely spaced roundabouts.     

A driver advisory system with dynamic losses for passenger electric multiple units

Driver advisory systems, instructing the driver how to control the train in an energy efficient manner, is one the main tools for minimizing energy consumption in the railway sector. There are many driver advisory systems already available in the market, together with significant literature on the mathematical formulation of the problem. However, much less is published on the development of such mathematical formulations, their implementation in real systems, and on the empirical data from their deployment. Moreover, nearly all the designed driver advisory systems are designed as an additional hardware to be added in drivers’ cabin. This paper discusses the design of a mathematical formulation and optimization approach for such a system, together with its implementation into an Android-based prototype, the results from on-board practical experiments, and experiences from the implementation. The system is based on a more realistic train model where energy calculations take into account dynamic losses in different components of the propulsion system, contrary to previous approaches. The experimental evaluation shows a significant increase in accuracy, as compared to a previous approach. Tests on a double-track section of the Mälaren line in Sweden demonstrates a significant potential for energy saving.     

基于CFD技术的暖风芯体结构设计与优化分析

某在研改款商用车空调箱暖风芯体单体换热性能较差,根据对标件初步优化后发现其换热性能更差,因此进行CFD定性仿真分析。通过流体分析研究发现基础模型芯体内部各扁管流量分配不均,初步优化后扁管流量分配更加不均匀,极大地降低了其换热性能,与试验反馈结果一致。根据流场仿真结果对其水室结构逐步优化,使得扁管流量分配比例的标准差值各工况下均提升了44%以上且芯体内流阻降低了约一倍。最终通过试验验证,单芯体的换热性能提高了3%-8%,满足了设计要求。     

微分法在有限元分析中的应用

基于有限元原理及结构的平衡微分方程,提出了一种求解结构单元形函数的方法。首先,根据结构单元的变形微分方程求解结构变形的常系数解析式;其次,根据单元的边界条件求解相应的系数表达式,并将求出的系数表达式代到解析式中,形成关于单元局部坐标的解析式;最后,提取单元节点广义位移向量,形成单元的形函数矩阵。运用所提出的方法对结构典型杆单元、梁单元的形函数进行求解后发现,所获得的形函数与相关文献提供的形函数完全一致,表明所提方法正确有效,并且同样适用于其他结构单元形函数的求解,从而为有限元的进一步推广和拓展提供了一条行之有效的途径。     

动力电池热特性参数研究综述

动力电池的电性能、安全性和循环性能都与电池的工作温度密切相关.在一定的散热条件下,动力电池的温度主要取决于其本征产热和比热容热物性参数特性.上述热物性参数可通过等温量热法(IBC)和绝热量热法(ARC)进行精确的量化测试.主要从测试原理、模拟场景、测试样品尺寸、数据分析过程和测试结果5方面,针对上述2种测试方法的异同进...     

低压油路供油压力对单体泵喷油压力的影响

为了研究不同供油压力下单体泵的建压过程及单体泵性能呈现出的变化规律,在电控单体泵试验台上进行了油泵台架试验,获得了高转速工况下不同供油压力的单体泵油压特性曲线。分析了供油压力与单体泵喷油压力之间的关系,并研究了电控单体泵空转时供油压力对单体泵性能的影响。结果表明:高转速时,供油压力低,油压建立过程存在无规律波动;高转速时,一定范围内,供油压力越大,油压上升时刻越早;不同转速对应着不同的临界充油压力,当供油压力大于等于临界压力时,单体泵才能够稳定而有规律地建压;相同工况下,一定范围内,供油压力越大,单体泵喷油量越大。     

汽车车速巡航模糊控制

汽车巡航控制系统是一种汽车辅助驾驶系统，可以在40～200km／h的车速范围内，启动该系统，人为设定一个车速，驾驶员将不需再操控油门，系统即可自动控制汽车恒速行驶。由于汽车巡航控制系统的强非线性，以及受外界负荷的扰动、复杂的运行工况等因素影响，该系统较适合采用模糊自整定HD控制方法，以保证系统具有良好的动态稳定性。     

电子式安全带预紧装置的检修

介绍了电子式安全带预紧装置故障代码的提取方法、故障代码的含义及故障代码的清除，并指出了检修时应注意事项。     

混合动力--未来城市公交的明星动力

本文阐述了目前国内外混合动力总成常用的几种方案,介绍了一种适合康明斯发动机的混合动力方案,展望了该动力总成的开发前景。