Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超限转锁的技术改造

介绍了在集装箱装卸过程中,为保证超限箱装卸的安全、快捷,针对超限转锁存在的不足之处,进行技术改造,取得了显著的成效。     

右转车与行人冲突问题的解决方法探讨

本文通过分析深圳市城市交通存在的右转车辆与行人的冲突现象，提出了解决二者冲突的方法。尤其是针对设置了右转专用车道情况下，通过设计右转车辆与行人相位分开设置情况下的流量临界模型，提出了设置二者的相位分开设置的临界值的计算方法。实践表明，该方法有效地解决了行人与右转车辆的冲突问题，具有良好的运用前景。     

Common underlying steering curves for motorcycles in steady turns

We study the steady turn behaviours of some light motorcycle models on circular paths, using the commercial software package ADAMS-Motorcycle. Steering torque and steering angle are obtained for several path radii and a range of steady forward speeds. For path radii much greater than motorcycle wheelbase, and for all motorcycle parameters including tyre parameters held fixed, dimensional analysis can predict the asymptotic behaviour of steering torque and angle. In particular, steering torque is a function purely of lateral acceleration plus another such function divided by path radius. Of these, the first function is numerically determined, while the second is approximated by an analytically determined constant. Similarly, the steering angle is a function purely of lateral acceleration, plus another such function divided by path radius. Of these, the first is determined numerically while the second is determined analytically. Both predictions are verified through ADAMS simulations for various tyre and geometric parameters. In summary, steady circular motions of a given motorcycle with given tyre parameters can be approximately characterised by just one curve for steering torque and one for steering angle.     

水动反冲击力及其应用

船艇迎浪前进时,在风浪冲击下,艏部会高高翘起、而后又在波谷中跌落,形成纵摇、拍击、颠簸、失速、航速下降、稳定安全性降低等缺点。为了克服这样的不良航态,必须在水动力流场中,造成克服这些弱点的水动力和相应的水动力矩沿船体合理分布。为此,提出设置不同于常规船艇的船底浸湿面外形,使之产生足够强大的水动反冲击力、水动升力及相应的水动航向稳定扶正力矩,确保船艇不偏离目标;凭借足够强大的的水动升力和相应的船艇纵向稳定扶正力矩,消除船艇的纵摇拍击;以相应的船体横向稳定扶正力矩来克服船艇的横摇摆动。最终确保船艇平稳高速地破浪前进。而在风浪中转弯时所激起的强大水动离心力、水动反冲击力、水动升力和相应的水动助回转力矩、水动抗船体向心倾覆扶正力矩又能使船艇以很小的回转半径高速、稳定、安全地在风浪中转弯。     

城际铁路CTC中自动折返功能设计与实现

针对提升城际铁路运营效率的迫切需求,在调度集中系统中叠加自动折返功能是一项关键优化内容。以珠三角城际铁路为背景,着重介绍了调度集中系统设计、优化阶段自动折返功能的具体思路与方案,详细描述了折返计划线绘制、车组管理、运营计划发送、折返进路自动办理、自动折返计划等关键环节的实现方法,对实际工程应用提供参考。     

Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage

This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit left‐turn yielding rules with an enhanced cell transmission model

This paper presents an enhanced cell transmission model (CTM) to capture traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules (i.e. aggressive permissive left‐turn maneuvers may not necessarily yield to opposing through traffic), which can be widely observed in many developing countries. Different from previous studies that focus on traffic dynamics on approaching links, this study contributes to modeling traffic operations within the intersection. A novel cell transmission framework with various types of virtual cells is proposed to model the dynamics of traffic movements from approach to exit. The unique phenomenon of competitive occupying of the conflict point between the left turn and opposing through movements is modeled. The cell state indicating its blockage is proposed to capture the dynamic queue formulation and dissipation and to evaluate the operational traffic performance at the intersection. Field validation results show that the proposed model can capture the operation of traffic at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules with significantly higher level of accuracy than traditional traffic flow models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于转向的Logit交通分配算法

为避免交通分配中传统的网络扩展法在处理转向延误时的缺陷,通过分析网络基本要素节点、路段和转向之间的拓扑关系,借鉴Dial算法的基本框架,设计了一个基于转向的Logit交通分配算法。该算法以源点至路段的含转向延误的最短路径长度为依据处理各条路段,正向计算转向权重,反向分配路段流量和转向流量。算法计算结果与Logit路径流量和Dial算法数据相一致,该算法可直接求解既满足Logit路径选择概率又考虑转向延误对交通分配影响的路段流量和转向流量模式,而且Dial算法是其在转向延误为零时的一个特例。     

连续流交叉口左转非机动车优化设计方法

为了提升连续流交叉口的通行能力,消除其主信号处左转非机动车与直行机动车的冲突,提出了一种左转非机动车优化设计方法.优化模型以机动车通过量最大为优化目标,考虑了信号相位相序、周期时长、绿灯时长等约束条件,建立线性规划优化模型.通过案例和敏感性分析,验证了该设计方法的优化效益.研究结果表明,该方法不仅能在高流量情况下显著提升交叉口通行能力,使得原本处于过饱和状态的交叉口变为不饱和,而且在高流量或低流量情况下,都有助于减少交叉口延误.进一步发现,左转非机动车流量每增加100辆/h或直行机动车流量比例每增加1.5%(直行机动车流量比例大于40%),优化设计对机动车最大通过量的提升比例增加4.5%.