扁平船舶波浪载荷预报研究

针对宽深比比较大的扁平船,研究了船舶波浪载荷长短期预报的直接计算方法。基于三维频域线性水动力理论,通过分析得出波浪载荷的响应幅算子,采用谱分析法对波浪载荷进行长短期期预报。以某试验船为例进行了计算并将结果与规范值进行了比较。得到的结论对扁平船船体强度的评估研究提供了重要参考,也为其他相关方面的研究提供了一定的借鉴价值。     

A constraint programming model with time uncertainty for cooperative flight departures

The lack of a proper integration of strategic Air Traffic Management decision support tools with tactical Air Traffic Control interventions usually generates a negative impact on the Reference Business Trajectory adherence, and in consequence affects the potential of the Trajectory-Based Operations framework. In this paper, a new mechanism relaying on Reference Business Trajectories as a source of data to reduce the amount of Air Traffic Controller interventions at the tactical level while preserving Air Traffic Flow Management planned operations is presented. Artificial Intelligence can enable Constraint Programming as it is a powerful paradigm for solving complex, combinatorial search problems. The proposed methodology takes advantage of Constraint Programming and fosters adherence of Airspace User’s trajectory preferences by identifying tight interdependencies between trajectories and introducing a new mechanism to improve the aircraft separation at concurrence events considering time uncertainty. The underlying philosophy is to capitalize present degrees of freedom between layered Air Traffic Management planning tools, when sequencing departures at the airports by considering the benefits of small time stamp changes in the assigned Calculated Take-Off Time departures and to enhance Trajectory-Based Operations concepts.     

汽车结构中焊缝疲劳寿命预估

介绍了焊缝疲劳寿命估算的有效方法——VOLVO方法的步骤及原理。采用该方法可计算出真实运行工况下结构焊缝的疲劳损伤和寿命情况。针对某商用车后桥壳上的焊缝连接,利用VOLVO方法进行了焊缝寿命预估,得到了整个焊缝的损伤和寿命分布,通过与台架试验中桥壳失效部位的对比表明,预估结果与试验结果一致。     

CFRP圆柱螺旋弹簧静刚度预测理论及仿真

针对实心结构形式的碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧进行了建模分析,明确了相关的设计参数,提出了一种碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧的静刚度预测理论,进行了算例分析,并将理论预测结果与仿真结果进行了比较.结果表明,理论预测值与仿真值相比误差较小,该预测理论可用于碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧的静刚度设计.     

Incorporating uncertainty into short-term travel time predictions

To improve the quality of travel time information provided to motorists, there is a need to move away from point forecasts of travel time. Specifically, techniques are needed which predict the range of travel times which motorists may experience. This paper focuses on travel time prediction on motorways and evaluates three models for predicting the travel time range in real time as well as up to 1 h ahead. The first model, termed lane by lane tracing, relies on speed data from each lane to replicate the trajectories of relatively slow and relatively fast vehicles on the basis of speed differences across the lanes. The second model is based on the relationship between mean travel time (estimated using a neural network model) and driver-to-driver travel time variability. The results provide insight into the relative merits of the proposed techniques and confirm that they provide a basis for reliable travel time range prediction in the short-term prediction context (up to 1 h ahead).     

关于标准载荷时间历程和标准载荷谱的生成问题

在应用海洋结构物疲劳寿命预报统一方法时,必须要输入载荷时间历程.在用疲劳寿命预报统一方法设计某个结构时,就需要提供某种标准类型的载荷时间历程.在文献中,标准载荷时间历程或标准载荷谱(均用缩写SLH表示)已经研究了30多年.人们普遍认识到使用SLH有一系列优点,不管是对研究或是应用而言.文章先从现在已经建立的标准载荷时间历程的综述开始,然后详细给出生成标准载荷时间历程或标准载荷谱的步骤,最后提供了一个示范计算的例子.     

导管螺旋桨水动力性能分析及附加节能装置性能预估

本文采用基于RANS方程的 湍流模型,对No.19A+KA导管螺旋桨的敞水性能进行数值计算,得到的结果与试验数据进行比较,误差满足工程精度要求。在此基础上以该桨为母型,采用相同的计算方法,对加上毂帽鳍的螺旋桨节能性能进行了预报,结果表明毂帽鳍使从螺旋桨出来的毂涡减少,消除毂涡引起的诱导阻力,提高了螺旋桨推进效率。     

紧急救援车辆实时行程时间研究

以分析紧急救援车辆行驶特性、行程时间影响因素为基础，运用波动理论建立紧急救援车辆实时路段行程时间预测模型，给出模型的标定方法，结合实际数据标定模型参数、检验模型精度。     

可调式自由面减摇水舱的实船性能

通过对海洋工程船“新润3” 号的实船测试,获得了减摇水舱开启和关闭两种状态下的船舶横摇数据,比较准确地评估了不同海况下可调式自由面减摇水舱的减摇效果。进一步将实测减摇数据与理论预报结果对比,验证了理论预报方法的有效性和局限性。研究表明,减摇水舱的性能不仅仅取决于自由液面的面积大小和水位高低,也同样受制于舱顶的高度,有必要在设计和预报过程中予以充分考虑。     

Small scale retentive structures and Dinophysis

Despite its rarity, Dinophysis acuminata is in terms of economic impact, the first toxic algal species along the coasts of Western Europe. It is observed at low levels (< 20 cell l^− 1) all the year round but toxic events occur mainly in late spring and summer. D. acuminata ecophysiology is largely unknown due to the inability to culture it. Therefore, standard biomass models based on inorganic nutrition are largely inadequate. Presently, any progress in describing the conditions of population growth of this species will be a step forward to prediction of harmful events at the coast. This species has been observed at increased, albeit low cell densities in retentive eddies located in pycnocline layers. A concentration build-up of one species results from the balance between growth and loss processes, one of the latter being dispersal. The scales of interest for a D. acuminata population are of the order of 10 nautical miles on the horizontal and duration of 10 days, for a reported achievable growth rate of 0.6 day^− 1. A three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical model of the Bay of Biscay has been elaborated to reproduce hydrological structures over the last decade. We attempt here to relate the existence of retentive structures revealed from simulations under realistic forcing conditions and the toxic coastal events recorded in the 10-year time series of the French plankton monitoring network database. The eddies in the coastal area appear to be directly related with the Dinophysis coastal events and they may be a potential effective tool to predict those.