高压气体长管半挂车车架高强度钢板强度等代设计

高压气体长管半挂车是输送高压气体的专用车辆,减小车架自重是提高单车运输效率的有效途径。对车架强度等代设计进行了研究,在车架结构优化的基础上用高强度钢板A610L代替原钢板16MnL,使车架重量减轻了455kg。强度等代设计后,车架强度余量增加,在实现轻量化的同时提高了车辆的安全性。     

我国汽车消费正在发生4个转变

随着品质时代的到来,我国汽车消费将从追求价格高低向追求品质转变;从基本适用型向更具人性化设计转变;从传统的促销向体验式营销转变;从一般售后服务向售后服务人性化转变。汽车及零部件厂商应积极应对品质时代的到来,关注汽车消费的新动向、新特点,化不利因素为有利因素,实现汽车产业的快速、健康、良性发展。     

公路平面设计中合理回旋线参数的计算

通过回旋线曲率变化率和汽车转向过程中轨迹曲线的曲率变化率的关联,推导出了公路平面中合乎驾驶和汽车行驶轨迹的合理回旋线参数的计算方法。     

Insights on disruptions as opportunities for transport policy change

Policy change is characterised as being slow and incremental over long time periods. In discussing a radical shift to a low carbon economy, many researchers identify a need for a more significant and rapid change to transport policy and travel patterns. However, it is not clear what is meant by rapid policy change and what conditions might be needed to support its delivery.Our contention in this paper is that notions of habit and stability dominate thinking about transport trends and the policy responses to them. We limit variability in our data collection and seek to design policies and transport systems that broadly support the continuation of existing practices. This framing of the policy context limits the scale of change deemed plausible and the scope of activities and actions that could be used to effect it.This paper identifies evidence from two sources to support the contention that more radical policy change is possible. First, there is a substantial and on-going churn in household travel behaviour which, harnessed properly over the medium term, could provide the raw material for steering behaviour change. Secondly, there is a growing evidence base analysing significant events at local, regional and national level which highlight how travellers can adapt to major change to network conditions, service availability and social norms. Taken together, we contend that the population is far more adaptable to major change than the policy process currently assumes.Disruptions and the responses to them provide a window on the range of adaptations that are possible (and, given that we can actually observe people carrying them out, could be more widely acceptable) given the current configuration of the transport system. In other words, if we conceptualise the system as one in which disruptions are commonplace, then different policy choices become tractable. Policy change itself can also be seen as a positive disruption, which could open up a raft of new opportunities to align policy implementation with the capacity for change. However, when set against the current framing of stability and habit, disruption can also be a major political embarrassment. We conclude that rather than being inherently problematic, disruption are in fact an opportunity through which to construct a different approach to transport policy that might enable rather than frustrate significant, low carbon change.     

桥梁空心板铰缝失效分析与防治

随着交通的快速发展,大型载重车的数量在逐年增加,造成桥面铰缝过早损坏,缩短桥面的使用寿命。文章以空心板桥梁铰缝失效为例,分析了公路桥梁铰缝失效的原因及危害性,提出了相应的防治措施,并着重就铰缝的优化设计进行了探讨。     

液货舱透气系统设计与计算方法研究

针对IMO通涵以及ISO标准的新要求，从船东、船厂和船舶设计院所履行职责的角度，对新建油船和化学品船透气系统的设计与计算方法进行研究，并给出了实例。     

带纵骨实肋板式耐压液舱壳板强度计算方法研究

本文把耐压液舱结构看成一弹性整体，先对其进行整体求解，然后再对耐压液舱壳板按具有初始膜应力的混合边界问题求解。结果表明：在弹性范围内，本文方法计算值与有限元计算值及实验值吻合较好；在弹塑性范围内，本文对耐压液舱壳板边界约束的处理比文献「１」方法更符合弹塑性状态时其边界约束的真实状况。     

高速列车突入隧道时的三维非定常流的数值模拟

给出高速列车突入隧道形成压力波的三维粘性流场数值模拟过程,控制方程三维粘性、可压缩、不等熵、非定常流的Navier Stokes方程。空间离散采用中心有限体积法格式,时间采用预处理二阶精度多步后差分格式进行离散,对列车与隧道之间的相对运动采用滑动网格技术。真实地描述列车进入隧道所形成压缩波的过程。计算结果与国内外的试验结果相符。计算结果表明:隧道内的压缩波呈现三维特性;同一断面上的压力变化的差异性与列车的运行方式有关。     

压力传感器灵敏度特性的研究

针对应变片在圆平薄膜上的两种布置方式，导出了圆平薄膜压力传感器灵敏度的计算公式，分析了应变片布置方式和位置以及温度对灵敏度的影响，通过理论计算与实际测量的结果比较，指出了提高压力传感器灵敏度的有效途径，并且分析了应变片两种布置方式压力传感器灵敏度与温度的关系。     

喷锚支护中的承压拱理论及实验研究

根据喷锚支护加固机理,从理论上阐述了系统布置全长胶结式锚杆时,由于锚杆和喷射混凝土与围岩的共同作用,在锚杆互相作用影响范围之内会形成一个加固后的承压拱。经过实验室和现场实验,得出了承压拱的厚度与锚杆的长度、间距、围岩的力学性质等因素有关。对实验数据和结果的处理与分析,给出了单根锚杆加固影响范围系数K以及根据围岩所需承压拱最小厚度、锚杆加固影响范围系数Kl和锚杆的间距来确定锚杆长度的方法。