An eigenmodel for iterative line planning,timetabling and vehicle scheduling in public transportation

Planning a public transportation system is a multi-objective problem which includes among others line planning, timetabling, and vehicle scheduling. For each of these planning stages, models are known and advanced solution techniques exist. Some of the models focus on costs, others on passengers’ convenience. Setting up a transportation system is usually done by optimizing each of these stages sequentially.In this paper we argue that instead of optimizing each single step further and further it would be more beneficial to consider the whole process in an integrated way. To this end, we develop and discuss a generic, bi-objective model for integrating line planning, timetabling, and vehicle scheduling. We furthermore propose an eigenmodel which we apply for these three planning stages and show how it can be used for the design of iterative algorithms as heuristics for the integrated problem. The convergence of the resulting iterative approaches is analyzed from a theoretical point of view. Moreover, we propose an agenda for further research in this field.     

Big data driven dynamic driving cycle development for busses in urban public transportation

Field-relevant reference driving cycles, equivalent to real-life operation, are a prerequisite for the consistent development and testing of vehicles, their components, and control algorithms. Furthermore they are the basis for certification and type testing. However, a static cycle can easily be detected during vehicle testing, so that optimized control parameters could be used to obtain improved emission results under test conditions. In this paper, a novel method is described and applied to generate a dynamic driving cycle that statistically matches the real-life operation of a vehicle. The analysis is performed based on an extensive field data set obtained during an automated measurement campaign of public busses for more than a full year with 27,365 h of operation and 315,583 km driven in the city of Hamburg (Germany). The data collected is statistically compared to the static reference cycles New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Worldwide harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). Two micro trip models with increasing complexity are described and fit to the data set. All models are quantitatively compared to the measured data set applying a Quality of Fit (QoF) indicator. Based on the highest consistency to field data, a non-deterministic driving cycle generator is developed and its output is statistically compared to the original measurement. In contrast to the existing reference cycles, the dynamic output of the non-deterministic driving cycle generator presented in this paper is statistically proven to be consistent with real-life operation of public busses in the urban environment of Hamburg.     

Beyond “Peak Car”: A reflection on the evolution of public sentiment about the role of cars in cities

In this volume, Jones has made a persuasive case for considering recently observed reductions in car use (and sometimes car ownership) in a number of major northern cities as part of an evolutionary process, rather than the consequence of transient conditions such as the economic downturn of 2008 and its relatively slow recovery. In an era bringing new service models for mobility and communications that have important implications for safety, security, the environment and well-being, he points to the role of public attitudes and sentiments that may underlie changing policy priorities and an associated culture change with respect to transport in cities and the reclamation of street space. This paper briefly explores the role of public sentiments and reflects on the apparent emergence of a popular subculture that favors living, if possible, without owning or using cars, in contrast to older subcultures embracing more extreme sentiments that are either Car-centered or emphatically anti-car.     

Public transportation development and traffic accident prevention in Indonesia

Traffic accidents have long been known as an iceberg for comprehending the discrepancies of traffic management and entire transportation systems. Figures detailing traffic accidents in Indonesia, as is the case in many other countries, show significantly high numbers and severity levels; these types of totals are also evident in Jakarta, the highest-populated city in the country. While the common consensus recognizes that traffic accidents are the results of three different factor types, namely, human factors, vehicle factors, and external factors (including road conditions), human factors have the strongest influence—and figures on a worldwide scale corroborate that assertion. We, however, try to pinpoint the issues of non-human factors in light of increasing traffic accidents in Indonesia, where motorbike accidents account for the majority of incidents. We then consider three important pillars of action: the development of public transportation, improvement of the road ratio, and traffic management measures.     

Speed management strategies and drivers' attitudes in Thailand

In Thailand where speeding on highways and roads has been a key contributing factor in road traffic crashes, considerable efforts to control vehicle speeds have been made, mostly through speed limit enforcement. However, the fact that speed limits are very often violated on a large scale in Thailand suggests the need for implementing more effective speed management strategies such as automatic speed cameras, increasing speeding penalty, and smart vehicle design to control vehicle speeds. While the effectiveness of such measures depends mainly on how well they could lead drivers to change speeding behavior, public acceptability is also vital as a key to sustainability of most speed management programs. This paper attempts to identify public acceptability of speed management measures, both currently implemented and under consideration, in Thailand. In doing so, data from the questionnaire surveys based on a random sample of 2180 drivers in Thailand including a wide range of individual characteristics of respondents and their attitudes to select speed management schemes are analyzed using an econometric technique. In particular, we introduce a simplified methodological framework to develop a better understanding of factors that explain drivers' attitudes towards speeding behavior and alternative speed management strategies. Findings from this research provide several important implications that could improve the current practices of speed management in Thailand.     

郑州市公交价格需求弹性研究

本文结合郑州市公交价格调整实际,研究并估算郑州市BRT、空调公交、全部地面公交的价格需求弹性,研究表明:郑州市地面公交价格需求弹性总体较小.最后分析了其他因素时郑州市公交需求的影响,并在规划、管理、服务等方面提出了城市公交发展的部分建议.     

优先发展城市公共交通的意义与策略

公共交通作为城市经济和民众生活中最为重要的基础性设施,优先发展城市公共交通更有其重大现实意义.为进一步落实城市公共交通优先发展战略,提高城市公共交通持续发展能力,要做好城市公共交通规划、重视政府在城市公共交通优先发展中的重要地位和作用、提高对公共交通的政策扶持力度、进一步规范公共交通市场行为、提高公共交通企业核心竞争力...     

基于AHP——可拓物元的大城市公交系统综合评价

针对大城市公共交通系统综合评价问题,从公交系统的基础设施、运营服务、综合效益水平三方面选取指标建立综合评价体系,利用可拓学中的物元理论,结合层次分析法进行研究。在对武汉市公共交通系统现状数据调查的基础上,计算指标的关联度,给出定量的数值来表示评定结果,将公交系统的多层次评价转化为单级评价,评价值能够简明准确地反映出武汉市公交发展现状,探寻发展症结、发展瓶颈,总结存在问题。     

高职院校公共计算机机房管理的实践与探索

文章在研究高职院校公共机房管理现状的基础上,提出了公共机房的硬件设备管理、系统的维护及附属设施管理等方面的注意事项,指出有效的机房管理与维护措施不仅可以减轻机房管理员维护计算机的工作量,而且有利于机房的高效运行。     

网络舆情下高校突发事件应对机制研究

网络技术的普及应用给高校学生工作带来新的机遇和挑战,文章对当前网络舆情下的高校突发事件的类型及成因进行了深入分析,并从建立有效的预警系统和果断介入处理两方面提出了高校应对网络舆情下突发事件的解决措施。