工业海洋大气环境下焊接耐候钢Q355NHD腐蚀后力学性能研究

随着钢结构桥梁建设需求不断提高、应用日益广泛,耐候钢以其优良的耐候性能,从材料层面为钢桥防腐提供了一种理想方案;但是,由于中国应用耐候钢的时间较短,耐候钢在某些自然环境下的适用性尚未得到充分论证,对其腐蚀后基本力学性能和疲劳性能的认识尚不完善。为此,以钢桥常用的Q355NHD焊接耐候钢及其对接焊缝为研究对象,针对中国滨海城市常见的工业海洋大气环境,通过周期浸润加速腐蚀试验探讨Q355NHD的耐候性能,并对腐蚀后Q355NHD的单调拉伸性能和疲劳性能开展试验研究。基于形貌观察、基体扫描、锈层分析和腐蚀深度计算等多角度分析,发现在模拟工业海洋大气环境下,Q355NHD尽管会形成具有一定致密性的锈层,但其腐蚀速率等宏观指标相比于普通钢并不突出。腐蚀后单调拉伸试验结果表明:腐蚀8周(等效于青岛受工业污染的海洋大气环境下自然腐蚀20年)后Q355NHD母材试件的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别下降8.1%和7.2%,对接焊缝试件的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别下降14.1%和12.5%。腐蚀后疲劳试验结果表明:腐蚀8周后Q355NHD母材试件和对接焊缝试件的设计疲劳强度分别下降35.6%和30.3%,为317.9 MPa和211.0 MPa,但仍然满足《钢结构设计标准》(GB 50017-2017)中相应构造类别的疲劳设计要求。经与既有文献报道的Q355普通钢试验结果对比,表明尽管Q355NHD在工业海洋大气环境中未表现出良好的耐腐蚀性能,不建议按免涂装使用,但其力学性能在不同批次试验结果中处于较高水平,可以视为一种优质的Q355钢材。     

地质构造和地形对N.Barton岩质评定系数Q值的影响分析

挪威岩土所Barton等人给出的岩质评定系数Q值计算式,从岩体的完整性、结构面发育程度、地下水和地应力的影响等方面,全面地反映了岩体的工程地质状况和水文地质状况,定量地反映了围岩质量的好坏,但对宏观地质构造及地形地貌的影响考虑相对较少.文章通过理论分析和数值计算,提出了三个修正系数,即褶皱影响系数Kfo、断层影响系数Kfa以及地形影响系数Ktf,并针对具体工程给出了相应的取值范围,对Q值进行了修正,反应了工程地质构造、地形地貌对Q值的影响程度,使其表达更为准确.     

50CrVA钢的工艺优化及其在钢板弹簧产品中的应用

研究了淬透性、油淬火临界淬透厚度、奥氏体晶粒临界粗化温度及淬火和回火温度等对50CrVA钢组织及力学性能的影响,制定并验证了材料应用规范和钢板弹簧产品优化工艺规范,并对试制的钢板弹簧总成进行了台架试验和道路试验.结果表明,50CrVA钢经工艺优化后能大幅提高钢板弹簧的疲劳寿命和可靠性,台架疲劳寿命达10万次以上.     

Cruise activity and pollution: The case of Barcelona

One of the main causes of mortality worldwide is air pollution. To tackle this problem, local, regional and national governments have implemented policies to reduce emissions from industrial and on-road sources. However, when these policies are being designed, shipping emissions are often overlooked. There has been a drastic increase in the demand for cruises and its economic relevance is also growing in port-cities. Barcelona is Europe’s leading cruise port, and it is located near the centre of the city. In this context, this paper analyses the impact of cruise ships in the air quality of the entire city of Barcelona using a dataset with information about pollutants and the number of cruises arriving to the port. We show that there is a direct impact between cruises staying at the port and city pollution. Additionally, the size and age of the cruise also affect air quality. The larger (or newer) the cruise is, the higher the emission generated. Moreover, our simulations show that the whole city is affected by these emissions.     

Does the increase of public transit fares deteriorate air quality in Beijing?

Since 2006, Beijing lowered its public transit fares as a way to improve air quality. However, Beijing increased public transportation fare prices from December 28, 2014, and commuters pay for the distance they traveled rather than a flat fare. This paper explores the effect of Beijing public transit fares increase on air quality. We collect daily data of air pollution and weather variables and use synthetic control method of Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) to select control units. We then estimate a difference-in-differences model and assess the effect of the policy on air quality index (AQI). We find a 16.28% increase in air pollution in short run. However, we find no longer-run effect on air quality.     

A reinforcement learning framework for the adaptive routing problem in stochastic time-dependent network

Most previous work in addressing the adaptive routing problem in stochastic and time-dependent (STD) network has been focusing on developing parametric models to reflect the network dynamics and designing efficient algorithms to solve these models. However, strong assumptions need to be made in the models and some algorithms also suffer from the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we examine the application of Reinforcement Learning as a non-parametric model-free method to solve the problem. Both the online Q learning method for discrete state space and the offline fitted Q iteration algorithm for continuous state space are discussed. With a small case study on a mid-sized network, we demonstrate the significant advantages of using Reinforcement Learning to solve for the optimal routing policy over traditional stochastic dynamic programming method. And the fitted Q iteration algorithm combined with tree-based function approximation is shown to outperform other methods especially during peak demand periods.     

LZ50钢材料试样与车辆实轴的概率疲劳极限

采用小子样升降法,完成了LZ50钢7.5mm光滑圆棒、9.5mm光滑圆棒、9.5mm缺口(Kt=4.728)圆棒和车辆实轴4种试样的旋转弯曲疲劳试验。疲劳极限数据分别用常规法和经完善的局部随机BasquinSN关系法获得。基于疲劳极限服从正态分布,分别给出了用上述2种方法获得的4种试样的概率疲劳极限测定结果。结果表明常规法估计的疲劳极限数据偏于危险,宜采用局部随机BasquinSN关系法获取。     

超长引桥工程的几项关键施工技术

通过对东营港扩建引桥工程的设计特点、施工难点的分析,制定了大管桩与钢管组合斜桩沉设、挡冰桩裙安装、承台现浇和50 mT型梁海上安装等几项关键施工技术方案,并得到成功应用。为今后我国外海,特别是北方海域利用大管桩作基础的跨海桥梁、高桩码头等工程的设计与施工提供一定的借鉴。     

50000 DWT半潜船压载系统设计

压载系统是半潜船的关键性系统,设计需要满足半潜船潜装、滚装和吊装等多种装卸货方式的要求。为此以中远航运50 000 DWT半潜船为例,介绍半潜船压载系统的设计要点。包括半潜船上浮时间的确定、半潜船常用排/压载方式的选择、大型排/压载设备的介绍、压载系统的设计和优化以及压载系统满足BWM公约D-2规则要求的研究等。     

浅谈C50混凝土配合比设计

对C50混凝土配合比设计中值得注意的几个问题进行分析,并提出相应的防治措施。