Productive efficiency of public and private solid waste logistics and its implications for waste management policy

This paper measures the productive efficiency of municipal solid waste (MSW) logistics by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to cross-sectional data of prefectures in Japan. Either through public operations or by outsourcing to private waste collection operators, prefectural governments possess the fundamental authority over waste processing operations in Japan. Therefore, we estimate a multi-input multi-output production efficiency at the prefectural level via DEA, employing several different model settings. Our data classify the MSW into household solid waste (HSW) and business solid waste (BSW) collected by both private and public operators as separate outputs, while the numbers of trucks and workers used by private and public operators are used as inputs. The results consistently show that geographical characteristics, such as the number of inhabited remote islands, are relatively more dominant factors for determining inefficiency. While the implication that a minimum efficient scale is not achieved in these small islands is in line with the literature suggesting that waste logistics has increasing returns at the municipal level, our results indicate that waste collection efficiency in Japan is well described by CRS technology at the prefectural level. The results also show that prefectures with higher private-sector participation, measured in terms of HSW collection, are more efficient, whereas a higher private–labor ratio negatively affects efficiency. We also provide evidence that prefectures with inefficient MSW logistics have a higher tendency of suffering from the illegal dumping of industrial waste.     

动态负载仿真控制器的设计与研究

本文介绍了舰船电力系统动态负载仿真控制器的设计以及实现.该装置以Intel 80C196KC单片机为核心的控制器硬件方案设计及相应的存储器扩展、人机接口、数据采集通道、PWM脉冲的输出、通讯接口等具体电路.该控制器成功地对舰船电力系统常见的四种负载进行了数字仿真,并已成功应用于某舰船电力系统仿真实验室中.     

一种基于PC机和80C196的智能充电机集群控制系统

介绍了以ＰＣ机和８０Ｃ１９６ＫＣ为核心的智能充电机集群控制系统的特点，详细阐述了系统的硬件原理和设计方法，该系统有效地解决了大量使用蓄电池的场所对蓄电池集中、快速充电的问题。     

海洋钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接工艺试验

针对400ft钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接全熔透的新要求,笔者通过试验和不同施焊方法相结合的方式分析了组对间隙和清根与否等因素对Q690E试板接头根部熔深的影响。结果表明,无论采用何种焊接方法,反面清根后施焊,接头熔合状况均良好,且采用实芯焊丝比药芯焊丝接头熔深大。正面气保焊打底,反面不清根采用气保焊施焊,接头熔合不良;而反面采用埋弧焊施焊,接头可实现熔透,但工艺还有待优化,以避免结晶裂纹的产生。     

船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头焊接工艺分析

Q345R钢是普通低合金高强度钢,广泛的用于压力容器制造行业。其S、P含量控制较严,焊接性较好,但是由于含有一定量的合金元素,淬硬、冷裂倾向都比低碳钢大一些。通过船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头环焊缝的焊接,分析了Q345R钢的化学成分和机械性能,通过选用合理的焊接材料、坡口形式、焊接方法、焊接工艺来保证储存罐的焊缝质量。     

载重80t不锈钢及全钢运煤敞车的研制

为适应铁路快速发展战略的要求，提高铁路货车的运煤能力，株洲车辆厂研制了载重80t不锈钢及全钢运煤敞车。现介绍这种新型运煤敞车的技术参数及尺寸、基本结构、研制过程及其效益分析。     

细数当年

尊敬的各位编辑： 有一些问题困扰我有一段时间了，望各位高人给予指点，小弟将感激不尽。 1．S40是与FOCUS、Mazda3共平台，按理说应比A4、C-CLASS、3-SERISE低一级别啊!怎么把S40列为它们同一级别。若这么分S40与A4一级，S80与A6一级，那S60呢？     

80C196MC单片机控制永磁无刷直流电动机调速系统

扼要地介绍了80C196MC单片机的特点及在永磁无刷直流电动机驱动中的应用。     

基于80C196MC单片机的脉宽调制仿真

以16位单片机80C196MC为主控制器,采用实时的算法,用MCS96汇编语言编写程序,在ICES-16仿真器上成功实现实时的PWM仿真。     

Q系统围岩分类中几个主要评分因素的一点认识

在国际上,Q系统围岩分类方法在地下工程应用广泛,但对于各个评分因素的含义理解和认识还不完全统一;此外,各个因素评分的实际操作也存在差别,具有一定随意性,影响了围岩分类的准确性。参阅有关资料,结合个人工作经验和实践及认识,对地下建筑物围岩分类Q系统中几个主要评分因素的含义进行了合理解释,并就实际工作中对各个因素的评分提出了一些实用性建议。