浅议广州地铁工程投资控制

文章从广州地铁建设项目的决策阶段、设计阶段和工程实施阶段分别阐述和分析．通过科学的优化管理，在保证质量、进度和安全的前提下，实现对地铁建设工程的投资控制。     

Comparison of Beach Nourishment along the U.S. Atlantic,Great Lakes,Gulf of Mexico,and New England Shorelines

The U.S. national beach nourishment experience is summarized for the East Coast barrier islands, the Gulf of Mexico, New England, and the Great Lakes. A total of 1,305 nourishment episodes on 382 beaches are recorded at a total estimated cost of approximately $1.4 billion ($2.5 billion in 1996 dollars). In terms of both volume and costs, nourishment has been the most extensive by far on the East Coast barrier islands. Depending on the region, between 65% and 85% of all nourishment projects have a federal funding component. Annual expenditures and sand volumes for beach nourishment are increasing, especially on East Coast barriers. At present, total annual national beach nourishment costs (excluding the Pacific Coast) are on the order of $100 million per year. The cost per cubic yard of nourishment sand as expressed in 1996 dollars has remained more or less constant over time. Additionally, the volumes of sand needed for subsequent nourishment episodes on individual beaches do not decrease, despite contrary assumptions in the shoreface-profile-ofequilibrium concept that subsequent nourishment volumes should diminish. In light of the historical experience of beach nourishment identified in this study, individual state and local coastal communities should reevaluate their plans for future beach nourishment programs. The complete listing of all the data on nourished beaches from this survey is available at www.geo.duke.edu/Research/psds/psds.htm     

Effect of a speed reduction of containerships in response to higher energy costs in Sulphur Emission Control Areas

The objective of this paper is to explore the possible consequences of the future low-sulphur fuel requirements in Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) on vessel speed, from the standpoint of the container shipping industry. Rational energy use, speed reduction, and revenues are closely related in the container shipping sector because speed reductions may provide substantial energy and cost savings. The operators could consider reducing their speed in SECA in order to save on fuel that will become relatively expensive. However, to maintain a weekly frequency without adding new ships, such a behaviour implies that the required speed at sea outside the SECA area increases. This paper aims to investigate if such a difference in speed is cost-effective, and if the increase in speed outside SECA may result in an increase in CO₂ emissions of the total cycle. We propose a cost model that estimates the cost-minimising combination of speeds inside and outside SECA, and the resulting CO₂ emissions of the liner service. Applying this model to representative liner services serving North Europe, we find that differentiating speed accordingly slightly decreases total costs and increases CO₂ emissions in a similar way. The results are sensitive to the price of low-sulphur fuels, the part of the cycle in SECA and the number of ships deployed in the service.     

高职院校毕业论文存在的问题与矫治对策

文章阐述了目前高职院校毕业论文普遍存在的问题,对高职院校毕业论文质量下滑的原因进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了提高高职院校毕业论文质量的对策。     

毛坝隧道贯通误差评定

通过对隧道施工中产生的贯通误差的测量、分析,来保证隧道的正常施工。     

试论当前农村公路工程质量监督工作存在的问题及解决措施

农村公路工程的质量问题与人们的出行密切相关,要保证工程质量,就离不开质量监督工作.分析了农村道路质量监督工作中存在的问题,阐述了农村公路工程质量监督中的工作重点.     

The possible designation of the Mediterranean Sea as a SECA: A case study

In view of the ongoing discussions concerning the possible designation of the Mediterranean Sea as a Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA), a modal split model was applied to a case involving the transportation of consolidated cargoes between Thessaloniki, Greece and industrial hubs of northern Germany. A road-only option was assessed against a combined-transport route involving a ferry (Greece–Italy) and a truck-on-train (Italy–Austria) service. The logit model used considers two variables as determinants of the modal selection: transport cost and time. The data are derived from interviews with a small transport service provider, typical for Greece, and are based on actual trips made (revealed preferences). The results predict that the designation of the Mediterranean as a SECA will cause a modal shift in favour of the road-only route by 5.2%, which under certain assumptions can reach 17.1%. However, the environmental implications of the resulting modal choices, calculated through the EcoTransIT World web based tool, are positive in relation to all emissions examined. This is attributed to the longer distance of the combined-transport option in comparison to the road-only one and, the poor environmental performance of the Ro-Pax vessels basically due to the need to maintain a relatively high speed.     

铁道货车摇枕侧架生产过程中特殊过程确认与现场控制

结合生产过程中的特殊过程确认与现场控制的一般性要求,围绕着满足摇枕侧架生产制造过程中的一些特殊过程确认与现场控制的细节进行介绍,为指导摇枕侧架生产制造提供理论依据。     

厂拌热再生技术在公路养护维修中的应用

文章结合厂拌热再生技术在公路养护维修中的实践,对厂拌热再生沥青混合料的设计、施工技术及质量控制方法进行总结,并对工程质量进行了系统的检测验证,为厂拌热再生技术在类似养护维修工程中的应用提供参考与指导。     

AUDIT方法在汽车制造企业管理中的应用研究

产品审核是汽车行业中较为通用的一种质量工具,在过程链中,用产品审核来反映内部/外部所生产产品的质量水平,根据由产品审核了解到的有关质量水平的情况,可以对生产过程甚至是质量体系下结论。产品审核得到的信息用于顾客和企业的质量持续改进过程,但各个企业的运行状况不一样,成效也各不相同。文章将从产品审核的概念及理解谈起,重点讨论如何建立产品审核机制和运行体系,如何制定产品审核标准,如何实施产品审核以及如何改进。