国家科技支撑项目课题进度计划与控制分析

针对科技支撑项目课题的进度管理,首先叙述了进度计划及控制的定义,然后从课题研究内容的任务分解、任务工作描述、任务责任分配、任务工作关系、任务工作时间估计等方面描述了进度计划的制定,最后制定措施对进度计划进行控制,以保证课题按计划进行。     

2018年世界城市轨道交通运营统计与分析

参考国际上较为通行的统计标准,将城市轨道交通分为地铁、轻轨和有轨电车3大类,对世界城轨交通运营现状进行统计。分析表明,截至2018年底,全球有72个国家和地区的493座城市开通了城市轨道交通系统,里程超过26 100 km,其中地铁、轻轨、有轨电车各占54%、5%和41%;2017年,全球地铁和轻轨累计运送客流600.54亿人次,平均客运强度1.08万人次/(d·km)。其中,我国城轨交通线路共187条,运营里程达5 766.7 km,运送客流超过184.4亿人次。2018年我国16座城市开通新增或延伸线路36条,共734.0 km。我国线网规模和客流规模居全球第一,但网络化运输组织模式较国外相比有待丰富。     

EXPRESSION OF IL-2 AND SIL-2R AND ALTERATION OF CELL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE

Objective To study the expression of interleukin-2 （IL-2）, soluble interleukin-2 receptor （sIL-2R）, determine the alteration of erythrocytic immunity and T cell subgroup in the blood of outer circulation in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage so and to probe into the relationship between them, and to explore the clinical significance. Methods Enzyme linked immnunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the content of IL-2 and slL-2R. The immunoadsorption was employed to examine the erythrocytic immune activity and its regulating function. （ S-P） was used to determine the cell number of CD3 （cluster of differentiation3）, CD4 and CD8. Resolts The content of IL-2 in the group with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage was significantly lower than that in the control group （P〈0.01）, and the content of sIL-2R increased. Red blood cell C3b receptor （RBC. C3bR） and RBC immune adherence enhancing factor （RFEB） dropped greatly （P〈0.01）, while RBC immune complex rosette （RBC. ICR） and RBC immune adherence inhibiting factor （RFIR） increased greatly. The cell number of CD3 and CD4decreased （P〈0.01） and there was no obvious change in CD8 （P〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The decrease of immune function was observed in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. The determination of the content of IL-2, sIL- 2R, erythrocytic immunity and the activity of T subgroup has an important clinical significance in the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.     

DETECTION OF PLASMA SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN－2 RECEPTOR IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AND CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS B

ＤＥＴＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＬＡＳＭＡＳＯＬＵＢＬＥＩＮＴＥＲＬＥＵＫＩＮ－２ＲＥＣＥＰＴＯＲＩＮＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＳＷＩＴＨＳＥＶＥＲＥＡＮＤＣＨＲＯＮＩＣＡＣＴＩＶＥＨＥＰＡＴＩＴＩＳＢＺｈａｎｇＳｈｕｌｉｎ；ＷｕＧｕａｎｇｌｉ；ＹａｎＹｕｌａｎ；Ｃｈｅ...     

Resilience in transportation systems: a systematic review and future directions

ABSTRACT

The Belt and Road (B&R) initiative was introduced by the Chinese government to promote the worldwide economic development and multilateral cooperation between China and the associated countries. As a crucial part of global supply chains, transportation plays a key role to ensure the implementation of the B&R. Safety is one of the issues with great importance in transportation research. However, its foci have been expanded from traditional risk through security to resilience and sustainability. Resilience has attracted considerable interests from both researchers and practitioners across different research domains in recent years. Various studies have been conducted on transportation resilience from different perspectives. Consequently, different definitions have been developed to define and describe resilience. This paper presents a systematic review on transportation resilience with emphasis on its definitions, characteristics, and research methods applied in different transportation systems/contexts. It aims to figure out what transportation resilience is and what kind of essential characters it usually has. More importantly, research challenges are analysed and a future research agenda on the resilience of transportation systems is proposed. This paper will provide comprehensive insights into understanding the transportation resilience, as well as establish new horizons for relevant research topics within the context of the B&R.     

基于损伤退化模型的钢筋混凝土梁式桥加固计算方法研究

为了客观反映材料退化、结构损伤、运营环境变化及结构工作状态改变等因素对桥梁承载能力的影响,分析了桥梁加固计算的特点,给出了基于损伤退化模型的钢筋混凝土梁式桥正截面及斜截面承载能力计算公式,提出了结构加固计算的一般步骤,并以工程实例给出了具体应用方法。     

东风汽车公司商用车发动机的研发历程

介绍了东风汽车公司几款有代表性商用车发动机的研发过程,阐述了东风汽车公司在发动机研发领域贯彻＂改进一代、开发一代、预研一代＂的方针,坚持技术创新,走自主研发与技术引进相结合,开展商用车发动机研发的历程,对我国汽车行业的发展路线有借鉴意义。     

Changes in the external costs of freight surface transport In Spain

This paper studies the external costs of surface freight transport in Spain and finds that a reduction occurred over the past15 years. The analysis yields two conclusions: trucks have experienced a reduction in external costs, and rail has lower externalities. The external costs of road freight transport decrease between 1993 and 2007 (44%). The external costs of rail freight increase by 12%. During this period, the external costs of road freight related to climate increase by 16%, oppositely than those from air pollution and accidents (51 and 44%). The external costs of rail related to pollutant emissions and climate increase by 4% and 43%. Oppositely, the external costs related to accidents decrease by 27%. Road freight generates eight times the external costs of rail, 2.35 Euro cents per tonne kilometre in 2005 (5.6% accidents, 74.7% air pollution and 19.7% climate) vs. 0.28 (13.4% accidents, 53.9% air pollution and 32.7% climate).     

基于B．P．R模型的综合交通枢纽客运换乘量预测

在对比研究各种换乘量预测模型的基础上,针对其流量分布与交通规划“四阶段法”中的交通分布预测在原理及结果表达方面的相似之处,引入B,P．R模型,并结合层次分析法,弥补重力模型在标定阻抗函数方面的一些不足。将二者结合运用到对东直门交通枢纽的研究中,收到良好效果,能够比较准确地对枢纽内各种交通方式的换乘量进行预测。     

Productive efficiency of public and private solid waste logistics and its implications for waste management policy

This paper measures the productive efficiency of municipal solid waste (MSW) logistics by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to cross-sectional data of prefectures in Japan. Either through public operations or by outsourcing to private waste collection operators, prefectural governments possess the fundamental authority over waste processing operations in Japan. Therefore, we estimate a multi-input multi-output production efficiency at the prefectural level via DEA, employing several different model settings. Our data classify the MSW into household solid waste (HSW) and business solid waste (BSW) collected by both private and public operators as separate outputs, while the numbers of trucks and workers used by private and public operators are used as inputs. The results consistently show that geographical characteristics, such as the number of inhabited remote islands, are relatively more dominant factors for determining inefficiency. While the implication that a minimum efficient scale is not achieved in these small islands is in line with the literature suggesting that waste logistics has increasing returns at the municipal level, our results indicate that waste collection efficiency in Japan is well described by CRS technology at the prefectural level. The results also show that prefectures with higher private-sector participation, measured in terms of HSW collection, are more efficient, whereas a higher private–labor ratio negatively affects efficiency. We also provide evidence that prefectures with inefficient MSW logistics have a higher tendency of suffering from the illegal dumping of industrial waste.