Changes in the external costs of freight surface transport In Spain

This paper studies the external costs of surface freight transport in Spain and finds that a reduction occurred over the past15 years. The analysis yields two conclusions: trucks have experienced a reduction in external costs, and rail has lower externalities. The external costs of road freight transport decrease between 1993 and 2007 (44%). The external costs of rail freight increase by 12%. During this period, the external costs of road freight related to climate increase by 16%, oppositely than those from air pollution and accidents (51 and 44%). The external costs of rail related to pollutant emissions and climate increase by 4% and 43%. Oppositely, the external costs related to accidents decrease by 27%. Road freight generates eight times the external costs of rail, 2.35 Euro cents per tonne kilometre in 2005 (5.6% accidents, 74.7% air pollution and 19.7% climate) vs. 0.28 (13.4% accidents, 53.9% air pollution and 32.7% climate).     

基于B．P．R模型的综合交通枢纽客运换乘量预测

在对比研究各种换乘量预测模型的基础上,针对其流量分布与交通规划“四阶段法”中的交通分布预测在原理及结果表达方面的相似之处,引入B,P．R模型,并结合层次分析法,弥补重力模型在标定阻抗函数方面的一些不足。将二者结合运用到对东直门交通枢纽的研究中,收到良好效果,能够比较准确地对枢纽内各种交通方式的换乘量进行预测。     

Productive efficiency of public and private solid waste logistics and its implications for waste management policy

This paper measures the productive efficiency of municipal solid waste (MSW) logistics by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to cross-sectional data of prefectures in Japan. Either through public operations or by outsourcing to private waste collection operators, prefectural governments possess the fundamental authority over waste processing operations in Japan. Therefore, we estimate a multi-input multi-output production efficiency at the prefectural level via DEA, employing several different model settings. Our data classify the MSW into household solid waste (HSW) and business solid waste (BSW) collected by both private and public operators as separate outputs, while the numbers of trucks and workers used by private and public operators are used as inputs. The results consistently show that geographical characteristics, such as the number of inhabited remote islands, are relatively more dominant factors for determining inefficiency. While the implication that a minimum efficient scale is not achieved in these small islands is in line with the literature suggesting that waste logistics has increasing returns at the municipal level, our results indicate that waste collection efficiency in Japan is well described by CRS technology at the prefectural level. The results also show that prefectures with higher private-sector participation, measured in terms of HSW collection, are more efficient, whereas a higher private–labor ratio negatively affects efficiency. We also provide evidence that prefectures with inefficient MSW logistics have a higher tendency of suffering from the illegal dumping of industrial waste.     

山地组团城市停车换乘方案评价方法

停车换乘(P+R)作为城市交通系统中的重要组成部分,已经被许多发达国家所采用,并发挥了积极的作用。而对于新建P+R设施的地区来说,需要对其进行详细的分析,以达到修建P+R设施的目的。以重庆市观音桥地区预建的3个P+R设施为研究对象,先以确立选址合理和满足需求为重要评价指标,建立评价集。经观音桥地区现状调查,评价了P+R设施位置的合理性。然后,结合二项Logit模型,对P+R设施进行了需求预测,评价了设施的规模对缓解中心区交通的作用。     

基于对象关系映射的油料装备信息系统

简要介绍基于对象关系映射的油料装备信息系统的研究必要性。综合信息资源系统基于B/S结构,使用.Net作为开发平台,C#语言。阐述对象关系映射和Nhiberate的概念和原理,并使用Nhiberate,在.Net下实现了对象关系映射。     

航测分幅地形图拼接及裁剪方法

以ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤＲ１４为绘图支撑软件，采用ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤＲ１４的最新开发系统ＡＲＸ和Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｃ＋＋５．０语言环境，在分析分幅地形图之间关系的基础上，对分幅地形图ＤＷＧ文件的图形数据库的操作和拼接方法进行了研究。     

高性能混凝土采用强度等级32.5R型水泥的研究与应用

通过科学地选择组成材料及优化混凝土配合比,采用强度等级32.5R 型水泥配制高性能混凝土,并且成功应用于海港工程中。     

船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头焊接工艺分析

Q345R钢是普通低合金高强度钢,广泛的用于压力容器制造行业。其S、P含量控制较严,焊接性较好,但是由于含有一定量的合金元素,淬硬、冷裂倾向都比低碳钢大一些。通过船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头环焊缝的焊接,分析了Q345R钢的化学成分和机械性能,通过选用合理的焊接材料、坡口形式、焊接方法、焊接工艺来保证储存罐的焊缝质量。     

轨道交通与公共交通体系配套研究

近年来我国轨道交通发展迅速,但各地只是重视轨道交通本体工程建设,而忽视了公共交通配套体系的建设,所以需要对公交线路及站点、步行体系、出租车、非机动车、机动车停靠和停放场地进行合理规划,并应加快与轨道交通配套设施体系的建设,提升轨道交通的运能和城市交通主导地位,最大限度地缩短居民的出行时间,降低资源浪费。     

智能小车坡度采集与避障模块的设计研究

本设计以STC89C51单片机为控制核心,小车速度和方向的控制通过PWM脉宽调制完成。利用控制系统中的超声波检测模块来测量距前方坡道的长度,同时由单片机计算出斜坡角度,并自主判断采取爬坡或者避障动作。若障碍物的坡度超出智能小车的爬坡能力范围,则由红外避障模块检测障碍物的外形尺寸参数,采用绕行方式来躲避障碍物。