浮式直立圆柱体辐射问题研究

采用特征函数展开及边界匹配的方法求解流场各子区域速度势的展开系数,得到了浮式直立圆柱体在静水面作纵荡,垂荡和纵摇运动时引起的水动力系数,分析了所取截断项数对计算结果的影响,所需最少截断项数取决于水深半径比和吃水半径比。讨论了水深对水动力系数的影响,得到了可近似表示深水情况的水深半径比。     

浅析《红楼梦》中手帕的作用

本文由红楼梦中的小道具——手帕入手,通过对摔帕、赠帕、题帕、忆帕、焚帕等细节及丢帕、找帕、梦帕、还帕等情节的梳理,浅析它在宝黛爱情、红芸之恋中的示情、释情及传情作用。在红楼梦中,手帕不只是宝黛爱情、红芸之恋故事中的两大线索,与手帕相关的某些情节还起到了丰满作品人物形象、从旁暗示整部作品主题的作用。     

Relationship between condition and recruitment success of red shrimp (Aristeus antennatus) in the Balearic Sea (Northwestern Mediterranean)

This study evaluates the reproductive potential and condition of the red shrimp (Aristeus antennatus) population inhabiting the waters around the Balearic Islands (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea), between 1991 and 2004. Red shrimp is one of the most valuable exploited demersal fishery resources in the western Mediterranean. To assess the condition of this species, we use two indices based on weight and length data, one including the gonad weight and another excluding it. Different biological parameters of the population dynamics and reproductive biology, such as sex-ratio, maturity, gonadosomatic index and presence of the spermatophore in females have also been analysed. A negative relationship was found between the gonadosomatic index and the condition of red shrimp, indicating that energy reserves are transferred from the body to the gonad during the reproductive period. The condition of adults reached minimum values during the maturation and spawning period after mating, when the gonadosomatic index, the spermatophore presence in females and the proportion of females in the population were highest. The relationship between the condition of adults during the months prior to spawning and the number of recruits in the following year was significant and positive. This relationship was stronger when only male condition was considered, suggesting that males have an important role on the reproductive potential of this species. Overall, our results suggest that condition of red shrimp, particularly males, is an important aspect for the reproductive and recruitment success of this species. The observed decreasing trend in male condition over years may raise concern on the future reproductive potential of that population.     

Remotely-sensed chlorophyll a observations of the northern Red Sea indicate seasonal variability and influence of coastal reefs

The biological dynamics of the open northern Red Sea (21.5°–27.5° N, 33.5°–40° E) have not been studied extensively, due in part to both the inaccessibility of this desert region and political considerations. Remotely-sensed chlorophyll a data therefore provide a framework to investigate the primary patterns of biological activity in this oceanic basin. Monthly chlorophyll a data from the 8-year Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View sensor (SeaWiFS) mission, and data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), were analyzed with the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) online data analysis system “Giovanni”. The data indicate that despite the normal low chlorophyll a concentrations (0.1–0.2 mg m^− 3) in these oligotrophic waters, there is a characteristic seasonal bloom in March–April in the northernmost open Red Sea (24° to 27.5° N) concurrent with minimum sea surface temperature. The location of the highest chlorophyll concentrations is consistent with a linear box model [Eshel, G., and Naik, N.H., 1997. Climatological coastal jet collision, intermediate water formation, and the general circulation of the Red Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27(7), 1233–1257.] of Red Sea circulation. Two years in the data set exhibited a different seasonal cycle consisting of a relatively weak northern spring bloom and elevated chlorophyll concentrations to the south (21.5° to 24° N).The data also indicate that large coral reef complexes may be sources of either nutrients or chlorophyll-rich detritus and sediment, enhancing chlorophyll a concentration in waters adjacent to the reefs.     

Population dynamics of the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean): Short spatio-temporal differences and influence of environmental factors

The red shrimp Aristeus antennatus is one of the target species of the bottom trawl fishery of the Balearic Islands. The objective of the present paper is to study the short spatial and temporal differences of this important economic resource between two different locations off Mallorca (Cabrera: CA; Sóller: SO), where a fleet mobility pattern has been detected, and to study the influence of environmental conditions on this species. Six simultaneous bottom-trawl and oceanographic surveys were carried out at these two locations in order to collect data from the demersal species, hydrography (temperature and salinity), trophic resources and sediment characteristics. The commercial fleet from both locations was monitored by monthly on-board sampling, log-books and daily landings obtained from sales slips. Additional data was obtained from other fishing surveys. Short spatial and temporal differences have been detected between both locations. The population at CA was more demographically homogeneous, while that at SO showed important variations, like high abundance of juveniles recruiting to fishing grounds in autumn–winter and high abundance of large females during summer. Several differences have also been found in the biology of the species between locations, such as males were more abundant in SO than in CA. Also, the reproductive period started sooner in SO than in CA, and the condition of pre-spawning females was better in SO. The percentage of total lipids in the hepatopancreas was minimal during the spawning period, showing their importance as a reserve of energy for the ovary ripening. Water masses could play an important role in these differences, the characteristics of water masses being more stable in CA than in SO. Red shrimp adult females seemed to be more correlated with the warmer and more saline Levantine Intermediate Waters, while juveniles (males and females) and adult males were more correlated with the colder Western Mediterranean Deep Waters, detected only in SO during autumn–winter. Two different hypothesis of mobility patterns for the species are discussed in relation to these observed differences.     

基于分形机制的红砂岩路基填筑现场试验研究

红砂岩的软化和崩解是具有复杂机制的物理现象。本文结合湖南通城至平江高速公路工程中遇到红砂岩,基于红砂岩崩解过程的分形机理,针对红砂岩崩解过程中的颗粒及其分数维变化特征,建立红砂岩完全崩解的分维数指标,并开展现场试验。试验结果表明：通平高速公路红砂岩属于III类红砂岩,但仍会崩解,故不能作为填石路堤对待;红砂岩崩解颗粒及其分数维变化的临界值最后稳定在2．6—2．7之间;采用“光静1遍＋羊静1遍＋羊振4—5遍＋光振1遍＋光振1遍”处治的红砂岩下路堤最大粒径控制在25cm以下的能力,弯沉满足设计要求;路基中的红层填料的分数维基本满足2．6—2．7要求,采用该工艺处治后的红砂岩路基崩解已经趋于完成,可用于93区填筑。     

山西中南部铁路通道对红旗渠的振动评估研究

山西中南部铁路通道将从全国重点文物保护单位红旗渠下穿越,为了评估铁路建成后列车运营行驶时对红旗渠所产生的振动是否满足古建筑结构的容许振动标准,采用Universal Mechanism软件建立列车-轨道三维动力模型,求得行驶列车作用于轨道上的轮轨作用力,将轮轨力作用于轨道-隧道-山体-红旗渠结构有限元模型上,计算出红旗...     

基于动力试验通平高速红砂岩路基处治研究

在湖南省高速公路建设中存在大量红砂岩填料,该类岩石具有崩解特性,其施工质量难以控制。结合湖南通城至平江高速公路工程中遇到的红砂岩地质情况,开展红砂岩工程力学性质及现场试验,掌握该地区红砂岩的工程特性,开展红砂岩路基填筑施工工艺现场试验及动力试验,试验结果表明：通平高速红砂岩属于Ⅲ类红砂岩,但仍会崩解,故不能作为填石路堤对待;下路堤采用＂光静1遍＋羊静1遍＋羊振4～5遍＋光振1遍＋光振1遍＂能将红砂岩最大粒径控制在25 cm以下的能力,上路堤采用以下二次钯压工艺可将红砂岩填料颗粒破碎至20 cm以下,均能满足设计要求;考虑到上部动力荷载的影响深度,路床96区路基不能采用红砂岩直接填筑,应使用符合规范要求的适应性材料或改良土填筑。     

出砖入史——闽南红砖中的地方记忆与空间转型

建筑是文化的重要组成部分,其技术发展、材料运用与社会文化变迁直接相关,其象征、仪式、居俗是空间策略的反映。砖是重要的建筑材料,闽南建筑的砖瓦作尤为独树一帜。闽南地区在墙面、屋顶、地板多处大量使用当地烧制的红砖,色彩强烈,与中国传统的帝王宫殿近似,因此漫长的历史中,身处"红砖文化区"的泉州民众一直试图解释自身的"僭越"之举。此外,泉州红砖运用方式的变迁也反映海外贸易与文化交流对地方建筑的影响。     

基于模态叠加法的公路简支梁桥动力放大系数研究

为研究模态阶数对挠度和弯矩动力放大系数分析的影响,以标准跨径的简支T梁桥、箱梁桥和空心板桥为研究对象,基于模态叠加法推导了简支梁在三轴车作用下的动力放大系数表达式;采用MATLAB软件编制了车桥耦合振动分析程序进行数值计算,研究了桥面不平整度、车辆速度与车辆质量3种因素下挠度和弯矩动力放大系数随模态截断阶数的变化规律,分析了不同模态阶数下两者的比值关系,对一座30 m简支箱梁桥进行了实桥动载试验验证。研究结果表明：挠度动力放大系数受模态阶数影响较小,1阶模态对挠度动力放大系数的贡献率为99%,选取前5阶模态时,可以获得完整桥梁结构响应信息;弯矩动力放大系数受模态阶数影响较大,1阶模态对弯矩动力放大系数的贡献率为86%,前5阶模态贡献率为90%;当考虑前25阶甚至更多模态时能够得到弯矩动力放大系数可靠结果;车辆速度在一定程度上影响模态阶数对动力放大系数的贡献率,桥面不平整度与车辆质量对动力放大系数收敛阶数影响不甚显著;弯矩动力放大系数小于挠度动力放大系数,当取1阶模态时,两者比值为0.86,取前15阶模态时,两者比值为0.95;建议相同测试条件下采用挠度动力放大系数。