普通半挂牵引车驾驶室舒适性评价

由于传统半挂牵引车驾驶室采用的是半悬浮被动悬置,减振效果不好,对于经常进行中长途运输的半挂牵引车司机而言,连续较长时间的驾驶会使司机暴露于机械性全身振动(WBV)之中。由于目前还没有确凿的证据证明半挂牵引车司机的腰痛等职业病与全身振动有直接关联,故为探索有关驾驶半挂牵引车的健康风险程度进行了试验验证。对同一辆试验车在不同路面、载荷和车速的多工况下进行了研究,并将试验结果与标准GB/T 13441.1-2007附录B中的健康指南警告区域进行了对比。研究表明,在当前的行驶条件下,我国半挂牵引车司机每天的连续驾驶时间最多不应超过5.5 h。     

串列双圆柱桥墩局部冲刷精细化模拟

为研究不同墩心距下沿流向串列布置的双圆柱桥墩局部冲刷坑形态的变化规律，提出1种平衡湍流边界层模型以获得稳定的湍流来流边界条件；利用雷诺时均N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型求解河床上双圆柱桥墩周围的复杂绕流场；基于能考虑河床面任意斜坡和泥沙坍塌效应的泥沙输运模型和动网格技术模拟双圆柱桥墩局部冲刷的动态演化过程，得到平衡冲刷坑形态，揭示冲刷发展过程的流动特征和冲刷机理。模拟结果与中美规范局部冲刷预测结果比较表明：串列双圆柱桥墩之间存在干扰效应；受下游桥墩施扰，最大冲刷都发生在上游桥墩，冲刷深度比单圆柱桥墩大，当墩心距L与桥墩直径D之比L/D=4时，达到最大值；而下游桥墩受上游桥墩遮挡的影响，最大冲刷深度在L/D=2时达到最小值，随着墩心距的增大，下游冲刷深度增大；当墩心距大于5倍桥墩直径后，下游桥墩可不考虑遮挡效应；获得的串列双圆柱桥墩最大冲刷深度值与美国规范预测值较为接近，而中国规范公式预测值偏小，提出的下游桥墩冲刷深度遮挡因子可为桥梁抗冲刷设计提供参考。     

空气弹簧对重卡平顺性影响研究

为使重卡在平顺性方面满足国际或国家法规要求,利用专用软件,在建立有限元模型的基础上,通过计算机线性静态模拟计算分析,建立重卡有限元模型,进行动态模拟分析和数据分析,从重卡的平顺性出发,通过对安装空气弹簧重卡平顺性实验,然后建立重型卡车ADMAS/Car虚拟样机模型,针对空气弹簧在重卡上的平顺性能影响进行仿真和试验对比分析,并提出改进建议以达到设计目标。     

消减波浪荷载的桥梁沉箱基础外形设计研究

基于波浪场中动水压强的空间分布特征,提出了消减跨海桥梁沉箱基础波浪荷载的方法:一是优化基础横截面外形,调节基础横截面外轮廓不同位置波浪压力的相位差,减小基础所受到波浪力和力矩;二是优化基础竖截面外形,减小水面附近波浪能量集中区域的截面尺寸,增大靠近海床面区域的截面尺寸,将基础下部的迎浪面设置为外伸斜面,利用斜面上波浪压力竖向分力产生的力矩抵消部分水平分力产生的力矩,从而消减桥梁基础上的总波浪力矩。对于大尺度矩形和圆端矩形截面的桥梁深水沉箱基础,基于势流绕射理论和边界积分方法进行分析,结果表明,相比于矩形截面,采用圆端矩形截面可有效减小基础的波浪力和力矩;相比于上下等截面的基础,采用下部迎浪面设置外伸斜面的基础可以大幅减小基础的波浪力矩。研究成果可为跨海桥梁深水基础设计提供参考。     

Determining the hydrodynamic forces on a planing hull in steady motion

A combination of methods was developed that can determine hydrodynamic forces on a planing hull in steady motion. Firstly, a potential-based boundary-element method was used to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure, induced resistance and lift. Then the frictional resistance component was determined by the viscous boundary layer theory. Finally, a particular empirical technique was applied, to determine the region of upwash geometry and determine spray resistance. Case studies involving four models of Series 62 planing craft were run. These showed that the suggested method is efficient and capable, with results that are in good agreement with experimental measurements over a wide range of volumetric Froude numbers.     

Enhancing grey prediction fuzzy controller for active suspension systems

A grey prediction fuzzy controller (GPFC) was proposed to control an active suspension system and evaluate its control performance. The GPFC employed the grey prediction algorithm to predict the position output error of the sprung mass and the error change as input variables of the traditional fuzzy controller (TFC) in controlling the suspension system to suppress the vibration and the acceleration amplitudes of the sprung mass for improving the ride comfort of the TFC used; however, the TFC or GPFC was employed to control the suspension system, resulting in a large tire deflection so that the road-holding ability in the vehicle becomes worse than with the original passive control strategy. To overcome the problem, this work developed an enhancing grey prediction fuzzy controller (EGPFC) that not only had the original GPFC property but also introduced the tire dynamic effect into the controller design, also using the grey prediction algorithm to predict the next tire deflection error and the error change as input variables of another TFC, to control the suspension system for enhancing the road-holding capability of the vehicle. The EGPFC has better control performances in suppressing the vibration and the acceleration amplitudes of the sprung mass to improve the ride quality and in reducing the tire deflection to enhance the road-holding ability of the vehicle, than both TFC and GPFC, as confirmed by experimental results.     

Variational principle for determining the unknown wetted surface of a planing ship

A variational principle is presented to solve the problem of determining the unknown wetted surface of a planing ship on still water under gravity. The functional associated with the variational principle is expressed by the unknown wetted length distribution, the vortex line function, and the circulation distribution around the longitudinal sections, not by the bottom pressure distribution. In addition, the variational principle is adjoined with pseudoflow, here called reverse flow. The extremal of the functional satisfy the hull boundary integral equation in a similar way to that of lifting-surface theory and the elevated water surface condition along the spray root line. Both are sufficient to determine the wetted surface. A method of high aspect ratio approximation is also investigated. A simple relation is obtained between the wetted surface when moving and at standstill. The calculated shapes of the wetted surface of a planing plate agreed well with experimental results. Received for publication on Nov. 11, 1999; accepted on April 4, 2000     

跨座式单轨交通系统车辆的乘坐舒适性性能测试与评定

为了解重庆跨座式单轨交通系统轻轨列车的运行动力学性能,对轻轨列车乘坐舒适性在袁家岗一谢家湾区间上进行了测试,并参照ISO2631、UIC513和GB5595—85评价标准,对列车乘坐舒适性采用舒适度和平稳性两个指标同时进行评定,测试分析表明,运行列车具有良好的乘车舒适性。     

单跨大跨度现浇刚构人行桥舒适度分析

刚构桥是桥梁设计中较为成熟、应用比较广泛的桥型,但一般情况下,大跨度刚构桥以车行桥为主,很少对人行工况下的舒适度进行验算。目前在城市建设中的大跨度人行桥大多采用钢结构或组合结构桥梁,但是在一些特殊的情况下,现浇结构有其不可替代的优势。以单跨50 m刚构桥为例,介绍了单跨大跨度现浇刚构人行桥的舒适度验算方法,为类似工程提供经验参考。     

考虑河谷场地效应的大跨度拱桥的地震响应分析

为研究V型河谷场地效应对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的地震响应影响,以某大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥为工程背景并简化V型河谷场地模型,建立河谷-拱桥有限元模型,讨论在SV波作用下对桥梁的地震响应影响。结果表明:由于地震荷载是均匀作用在场地,且河谷-拱桥有限元模型是轴对称模型,因此得到的拱桥主拱圈的内力和位移响应趋势是对称分布;不同地震波作用下得到的主拱圈内力和位移响应大小不同,这和拱桥拱脚与场地连接部位的地震动强度和地震波的频谱特性有关;在进行桥梁抗震设计时,SV波作用下拱桥关键部位应重点关注。