水翼部分空化流动二维数值仿真研究（英文）

In the present study, a new approach is applied to the cavity prediction for two-dimensional(2D) hydrofoils by the potential based boundary element method(BEM). The boundary element method is treated with the source and doublet distributions on the panel surface and cavity surface by the use of the Dirichlet type boundary conditions. An iterative solution approach is used to determine the cavity shape on partially cavitating hydrofoils. In the case of a specified cavitation number and cavity length, the iterative solution method proceeds by addition or subtraction of a displacement thickness on the cavity surface of the hydrofoil. The appropriate cavity shape is obtained by the dynamic boundary condition of the cavity surface and the kinematic boundary condition of the whole foil surface including the cavity. For a given cavitation number the cavity length of the 2D hydrofoil is determined according to the minimum error criterion among different cavity lengths, which satisfies the dynamic boundary condition on the cavity surface. The NACA 16006, NACA 16012 and NACA 16015 hydrofoil sections are investigated for two angles of attack. The results are compared with other potential based boundary element codes, the PCPAN and a commercial CFD code(FLUENT). Consequently, it has been shown that the results obtained from the two dimensional approach are consistent with those obtained from the others.     

一类定态薄膜方程解的存在性

为研究四阶退化抛物方程解的存在性问题,需构建相应的半离散问题.研究与其相关的Dirichlet边界条件下,定态薄膜方程解的存在性,方法上,需将原有问题转化成二阶椭圆型方程组,利用Lax-Mil-gram定理,获得构造的不动点算子的可行性.再以紧嵌入定理为基础,应用Leray-Schauder不动点定理证得解的存在性.     

清水下泄条件下芦家河水道沙泓进口淤沙浅滩形成机理研究

三峡蓄水以来,清水下泄条件下芦家河水道发生明显冲刷,受河段边界条件、水动力条件、来水来沙条件影响,近年来沙泓进口河段泥沙淤积逐渐开始形成新的浅滩。分析了芦家河水道河道形态、水文泥沙、冲淤演变以及洲滩变化特征,在此基础上,结合河床演变机理,分析了芦家河水道沙泓进口淤沙浅滩主要影响因素,并对芦家河沙泓进口泥沙冲淤变化、滩槽变化以及水流条件变化趋势进行了预测。     

某船液压联轴节拉伤故障有限元分析

某船液压联轴节在改进其活塞螺母结构后连续发生拉伤故障。本文应用有限元技术,对螺母改进前后不同结构形式的液压联轴节进行安装和拆卸过程的仿真分析。通过对不同结构下,由于接触边界效应引起的应力集中区域的应力、应变变化情况的对比分析,找到了拉伤故障的原因并得到了试验验证。     

基于有限体积法的平面二维水流数学模型的改进

在基于有限体积法的近岸水流数学模型中,单元交界面数值通量的计算精度、潜堤淹没和出露交替的模拟以及动边界技术都是至关重要的。首先通过加入数值通量底坡补偿项对Osher格式的数值通量计算格式进行了改进;又提出单元淹没度的概念,提高了模型在模拟潜堤出露和潮间带干湿变化中的适应性。利用典型算例对模型进行了验证,得到了满意的结果。     

Coastal and Ocean Science-Based Decision-Making in the Gulf of California: Lessons and Opportunities for Improvement

The Gulf of California hosts astounding biodiversity that supports numerous economic activities in the region. These activities, and emerging threats, are placing pressure on the region's ecosystems. Government and civil society are working to address threats through several conservation and management mechanisms. Nevertheless, the use and incorporation of scientific information—a key component for creating effective and durable management—is still deficient. This article presents the concept of science integration and discusses the findings of a study that assesses the regional landscape, existing institutional arrangements, and capacity for using science to inform policy and management decisions. It also explores the current use of science within fisheries policy and management and the capacity of the National Network of Information and Research of Fisheries and Aquaculture (RENIIPA) and the State Fisheries and Aquaculture Councils, two mechanisms in the region. Finally, it shares lessons learned and offers recommendations on how the region can strengthen science-based decision-making. Results indicate that while there are some actors in the Gulf of California producing relevant science, there is varying capacity of intermediary groups connecting producers with users of science, or mechanisms in place to ensure that science is being utilized in decision-making processes. Moreover, despite having a well-developed landscape of producers and intermediaries and mechanisms in place for fisheries management in the region, effective science integration is not occurring.     

季节性冻土区和多年冻土区桥梁结构地震反应分析

冻土层的存在，对桥梁结构抗震安全性的影响是一个值得重视的问题。本文利用黏-弹性边界模拟波向无穷远辐射的结构-地基土一体化计算方法，对季节性冻土区和多年冻土区桥梁结构在不同地震波作用下的反应进行计算，分析冻土层的变化对桥梁结构地震反应的影响，总结在地震荷载作用下，不同场地、不同的冻土厚度、不同高度的桥墩和不同基础条件下桥墩应力分布的一般规律。分析结果表明：在Ⅱ类场地上，冻土层对桥墩地震反应的影响十分显著，不同类型冻土场地上桥墩的最大反应差值可达1倍以上；墩高在10～22m时，冻土层对桥墩地震反应的影响最为显著；不同类型的桥墩基础，对冬夏两季桥墩的地震反应的影响不大；在一般情况下，桥墩的地震反应与冻土性质、桥墩的动力特性以及地震波的性质均密切相关，按融土状态进行设计往往是不安全的，需要考虑桥墩与冻土层相互作用的影响。     

铝合金传动空心轴的可行性探讨

根据传动空心轴的使用特点和机械性能进行选材分析;通过强度分析和疲劳评估,探讨了铝合金空心轴的可行性,并与传统空心轴进行了比较,指出铝合金空心轴的优越性。     

轨下支承失效对车辆系统动态响应及乘坐舒适度的影响

建立了基于Timoshenko梁模型的非对称车辆/轨道耦合动力学模型,分析轨下支承失效对车辆乘坐舒适度的影响。钢轨被视为弹性离散点支承上的无限长Timoshenko梁,通过假设轨道系统垂向支承刚度沿纵向分布发生突变来模拟轨下支承失效状态。推导了考虑钢轨横向、垂向和扭转运动的轮轨滚动接触蠕滑率计算公式。利用Hertz法向接触理论和沈氏蠕滑理论分别计算轮轨法向力及轮轨滚动接触蠕滑力。采用移动轨下支承模型分析离散的轨枕支承对系统动力响应的影响。利用新型显式积分法求解车辆/轨道耦合动力学系统运动方程。乘坐舒适度评价采用Sperling指标,通过数值分析,得到直线轨道连续从0到6个轨下支承失效对车辆动态响应及乘坐舒适度的影响。结果表明,轨下支承失效对车辆系统位移、加速度有显著的影响,随着轨下支承失效个数的增加,轮轨力和车辆系统的位移、加速度将会急剧增大,乘坐质量和乘坐舒适度指标呈线性增大,但数值很小。     

改善铁道车辆的舒适性

通过在铁道车辆走行机构上利用反向质量换向和作用力定向能量输出，来改善铁道车辆舒适性。