Wear/comfort Pareto optimisation of bogie suspension

Pareto optimisation of bogie suspension components is considered for a 50 degrees of freedom railway vehicle model to reduce wheel/rail contact wear and improve passenger ride comfort. Several operational scenarios including tracks with different curve radii ranging from very small radii up to straight tracks are considered for the analysis. In each case, the maximum admissible speed is applied to the vehicle. Design parameters are categorised into two levels and the wear/comfort Pareto optimisation is accordingly accomplished in a multistep manner to improve the computational efficiency. The genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to perform the multi-objective optimisation. Two suspension system configurations are considered, a symmetric and an asymmetric in which the primary or secondary suspension elements on the right- and left-hand sides of the vehicle are not the same. It is shown that the vehicle performance on curves can be significantly improved using the asymmetric suspension configuration. The Pareto-optimised values of the design parameters achieved here guarantee wear reduction and comfort improvement for railway vehicles and can also be utilised in developing the reference vehicle models for design of bogie active suspension systems.     

宗海图中海岸线的选择与界址点的综合处理

宗海图的绘制要根据用海事实准确界定用海范围。现实往往以岸线为宗海的部分边界,因此海岸线对宗海图有重要影响,它不但能够直观的显示宗海位置,也直接影响界址点的规划选取。对于顺岸用海项目,海岸线就成为宗海图的界址线。由于海岸线具有不确定性,因此给界址点的规划带来优化的可能。文章结合具体实例,在海岸线的选取以及如何优化选取海岸线上的界址点等问题上进行了探讨。通过限制海岸线界址点上的方位角和距离两个形变参量,可以有效地简化岸线上冗余的界址点。利用EXCEL软件的公式编辑功能,能够方便快捷地实现控制形变参量的岸线界址点简化。     

水下板式-浮筒型防波堤附加质量与阻尼系数研究

文章提出的水下平板—浮筒型防波堤作为一种新型的深海防波堤结构形式,具有重要的海洋工程应用前景。而附加质量和阻尼系数是决定该型结构水动力响应效果的重要影响因素。文中采用边界单元法依据波浪辐射、绕射理论对水下板式—浮筒型防波堤的水动力特性进行了研究,系统分析了这种结构形式防波堤的附加质量及阻尼系数和平板、浮筒间距及浮筒厚度的相互关系。     

二维边界层流动转捩过程的数值计算(英文)

As a basic problem in many engineering applications, transition from laminar to turbulence still remains a difficult problem in computational fluid dynamics(CFD). A numerical study of one transitional flow in two-dimensional is conducted by Reynolds averaged numerical simulation(RANS) in this paper. Turbulence model plays a significant role in the complex flows' simulation, and four advanced turbulence models are evaluated. Numerical solution of frictional resistance coefficient is compared with the measured one in the transitional zone, which indicates that Wilcox(2006) k-ω model with correction is the best candidate. Comparisons of numerical and analytical solutions for dimensionless velocity show that averaged streamwise dimensionless velocity profiles correct the shape rapidly in transitional region. Furthermore, turbulence quantities such as turbulence kinetic energy, eddy viscosity, and Reynolds stress are also studied, which are helpful to learn the transition's behavior.     

船用变风量末端装置的应用分析

变风量空调系统末端装置型式多样,能否在舰船上使用并达到相应效果是业内人士关心的问题。因此对舰船空调末端装置进行分析,采用k-e湍流模型对舱室空气流动进行数值模拟,并运用Fluent软件进行模拟计算,得出了船员舱室的温度场和速度场的分布。由舱室温度分布均匀和无明显送风下坠和射流冷风感,得出诱导型变风量末端和带热交换器动力型末端送风方案都能满足舱室舒适性要求,为变风量末端装置在舰船上更好地使用提供了理论依据。     

双块式无砟轨道-箱梁结构振动与噪声参数影响分析

以跨度为32m的简支高架箱梁为研究对象,利用有限元法与间接边界元法相结合,分析了德国低干扰轨道谱激励下不同参数对双块式无砟轨道高架箱梁结构噪声的影响.结果表明:扣件刚度对钢轨的振动位移和箱梁底板的振动加速度影响较大,对高架箱梁结构噪声的影响主要在32Hz以下;行车速度对钢轨的振动加速度和箱梁底板的振动位移影响较大,对高架桥梁结构噪声的影响比较强烈,而且距离线路中心线距离越远的场点,其所受车速影响越大.     

二阶Hammerstein型积分微分差分方程周期边值问题的存在性与唯一性

利用微分不等式技巧研究了某一类二阶Hammerstein型积分微分差分方程的周期边值问题,在上下解存在的条件下,得到了解的存在性和唯一性定理.结果表明：这种方法为研究其它边值问题给出了新的思路.     

船舶舱室空调热舒适性评价指标及其微气候参数优化

船舶空调舱室热舒适性是影响船员工作效率和生活品质的重要因素。文章分析了影响空调舱室热舒适性的诸多因素,讨论了PMV (Predicted Mean Vote 预测平均满意值) 指标的作用及其运算方法。建立了舱室简化模型,并结合实际海况,计算了不同温度、相对湿度组合下的PMV,PPD(Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied, 预测不满意率)值及系统热负荷,分析了舱室内温度、相对湿度对其热舒适性及能耗的影响。在满足热舒适性指标的情况下,优化船舶空调设计参数以实现节能的目的。文章对船舶空调的设计及舱室温微气候参数的选择具有借鉴意义。     

多体动力学仿真分析在乘用车底盘调校中的应用

针对某乘用车开发FT阶段乘坐舒适性太差的问题,在该车型底盘调校过程中,通过灵敏度分析对底盘参数进行了优化。首先对减震器阻尼特性进行了调整,提出了多个优化方案,其次通过多体动力学建模及分析方法对优化方案进行了预测,最后通过实车的主、客观测评验证了参数优化方案的实际效果。结果表明,调校后的车辆在保证操控性的前提下,乘坐舒适性得到了改善。     

汽车电子技术展望

综述先进电子信息技术覆盖、融入汽车各系统的概况,其应用发挥着高精度、高效率、高可靠的控制功能。内容涵盖动力传动系统、行驶状态控制、安全性、舒适性、信息娱乐系统、系统控制诊断与故障分析等;详细介绍汽车电子技术的核心要求和特点,以及汽车电子产业的现状与展望。