平转连续梁桥主梁现浇施工中的摩阻效应

采用平转施工的连续梁桥,其转体梁段一般使用支架现浇的方式制作。在转体梁段分段长度较长的情况下,现浇梁体和模板接触面会产生较大的摩阻力和切向黏结应力,阻碍梁体的自由变形,因而增大预应力箱梁的应力损失。采用有限元分析软件,分析了现浇梁与底模支架之间的摩阻系数和模板约束情况,计算了预应力筋张拉时主梁最大悬臂状态各单元应力。结果表明:一定情况下此摩阻和约束效应对梁体有效预应力的影响是不能忽视的。     

长江中游嘉鱼—燕子窝河段航道整治工程效果分析

嘉鱼—燕子窝河段整治工程以固滩稳槽为目的,主要采用护滩带的结构形式,修建在洲滩头部,防止滩体冲 刷,以稳定航槽。工程实施后,效果良好,总体河势更趋稳定,复兴洲边滩淤高展宽,燕子窝心滩稳定,稳定了航槽,利 于枯水期水流集中,浅区得到较为有效冲刷,碍航程度减轻。工程效果将会随着建筑物功能的继续发挥进一步显现,达到 预期目标。     

宜宾至重庆河段浅滩整治参数的确定和实践效果

为了合理确定宜宾至重庆河段浅滩的整治水位和整治线宽,采用多种方法相结合,并结合各滩险的具体情况综合确定,整治水位取为设计最低通航水位以上1.5~2.5 m,整治线宽度取为350~470 m,工程实践效果良好,河段达到Ⅲ级航道标准。同时,分析认为低水整治下通过建整治建筑物来调整河床形态以趋向于优良河段,效果是很有限的。     

盾构隧道衬砌结构接头处刚度削弱效应的试验研究

基于某地下铁路工程盾构施工试验段管片衬砌结构的弹性模型试验,研究正常工作状态下衬砌结构纵向接头处在拱顶弯矩作用下的抗弯能力。得出不同螺栓预紧力作用下管片接头抗弯刚度的削弱系数,给出弯矩与接头变形能力和管片接头局部范围内的应力一应变关系曲线。为衬砌结构的优化设计提供参考。     

计及热辐射及翼翅效应的VLGC温度场计算

运用热力学理论,对设有A型独立液货舱的大型全冷式液化气船（VLGC）的液货、船体结构及海水和空气之间的热传递过程作了研究并对船体结构温度分布作了计算。计算中,除考虑传统的对流和传导之外,还考虑了热辐射以及船体结构加筋板架翼翅效应（fin effect）的影响,提高了计算精度。建立了热传递能量平衡方程,并通过迭代法进行求解,最终得出了船体结构温度场分布。     

A comparative study of aggregate and disaggregate gravity models using Seoul metropolitan subway trip data

Abstract

Existing origin constrained and doubly constrained gravity models have not been compared, theoretically or empirically, in terms of their forecasting power. Due to the newly advanced technology of intelligent transport systems, the expanded data presently available have made various models more comparable in terms of forecasting power. This paper uses archived automatic passenger counting (APC) data for urban rail in the Seoul metropolitan area. The APC data contains information about each trip's origin, destination, ticket type, fare, and distance on a daily basis. The objective of this paper is to compare the goodness-of-fit of aggregate and disaggregate gravity modeling using these data. A Hyman aggregate gravity model is used as the aggregate model without the spatial effect. The disaggregate model adopts a multinomial logit as the destination choice model with the spatial effect. In general, while the formulation of aggregate and disaggregate gravity model models are similar, the calibration and parameter estimation methods of the two models are different. As a result, this empirical study demonstrates that the variation in goodness-of-fit and forecasting power largely depends on the estimation method and selected variables. The forecasting power of the disaggregate modeling approach outperforms that of the aggregate model. This paper further confirms that spatial arrangement plays important roles in gravity modeling.     

螺旋桨梢涡空泡初生及尺度效应研究

应用气泡动力学方程和气泡运动微分方程研究了螺旋桨梢涡空泡的初生问题,并根据简化Reyleigh-Plesset方程推导了不同尺度模型空化初生空泡数换算公式,建立了空化初生尺度换算模型,研究了螺旋桨梢涡空泡初生尺度效应问题。螺旋桨梢涡流场应用RANS方法求解,湍流模型为经过旋转和曲率修正的代数雷诺应力模型(EARSM-CC)。计算结果表明,文中建立的数值方法能够准确预报出螺旋桨梢涡流场分布;螺旋桨梢涡空泡初生空泡数计算结果高于试验观察值;应用文中建立的空化初生尺度换算模型得到的结果与数值模拟结果基本吻合,而且其结果偏于安全。     

斗式提升机带载启动困难原因分析及解决措施

斗式提升机普遍存在带载启动困难的问题,极需解决。分析斗式提升机带载启动困难的原因,提出通过局部改进以解决带载启动难的问题。改革取得良好效果。     

Monopoly,Subsidies and the Mohring Effect: A Synthesis

Abstract

This paper provides a unifying framework to analyze whether a monopoly transit provider will under or over-supply frequency. To this end we couch the problem in term of Spence [(1975). Monopoly, quality and regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics, 6, 417–429] who analyzed the incentives to provide quality by a monopolist. We show that all of the results of a recent academic exchange discussing this topic are special cases of Spence [(1975). Monopoly, quality and regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics, 6, 417–429], albeit with an adjustment in order to take into account the cost structure of frequency provision in the case of public transport. In theory then, there are cases when a monopolist may offer optimal or above optimal levels of frequency without requiring subsidies. However, public transport is rarely provided by an unregulated monopolist. Rather, these services are usually provided either by an exclusive operator under regulated fares or by a group of competing operators, with or without fare regulation. We show that in the first case frequency will always be below the social optimal level.     

堆载预压法加固吹填淤泥地基效果评价

介绍了堆载预压法在港口吹填淤泥地基加固中的运用,采用现场实测结果评价其加固效果;与此同时,采用单向分层总和法计算堆载后地基最终累积沉降和土体分层沉降,且用实测结果检验理论计算结果,探讨这种理论计算方法在吹填淤泥地基中的适用性。结果表明:堆载预压法加固吹填淤泥地基效果显著。经堆载预压处理后,土体物理力学性质和十字板剪切强度得到了很明显的改善和提高,地基承载力特征值能够满足设计要求;现场实测沉降结果与理论计算沉降结果几乎一致,验证了理论方法计算沉降的可靠性和准确性。