Impact analysis of climate change on rail systems for adaptation planning: A UK case

Climate change poses critical challenges for rail infrastructure and operations. However, the systematic analysis of climate risks and the associated costs of tackling them, particularly from a quantitative perspective, is still at an embryonic phase due to the kaleidoscopic nature of climate change impacts and lack of precise climatic data. To cope with such challenges, an advanced Fuzzy Bayesian Reasoning (FBR) model is applied in this paper to understand climate threats of the railway system. This model ranks climate risks under high uncertainty in data and comprehensively evaluates these risks by taking account of infrastructure resilience and specific aspects of severity of consequence. Through conducting a nationwide survey on the British railway system, it dissects the status quo of primary climate risks. The survey implies that the top potential climate threats are heavy precipitation and floods. The primary risks caused by the climate threats are bridges collapsing and bridge foundation damage due to flooding and landslips. The findings can aid transport planners to prioritise climate risks and develop rational adaptation measures and strategies.     

“一带一路”中老泰铁路运输风险评价及保费研究

随着“一带一路”设施联通建设的不断推进,作为泛亚铁路中线工程的中老泰铁路也是其中重要的一部分。为研究一带一路中老泰铁路货物运输风险以及相关保费计算,本文首先采用层次分析法得到铁路货物运输过程中存在的政治因素、气候因素、运维因素和自然力因素的风险以及不同风险因素组合的权重;其次基于N-K模型对风险进行耦合,并且结合权重计算风险耦合值,根据风险耦合值划分风险区间,不同风险区间对应的附加费率不同,最后利用保费计算公式可以得到保险费用。本文末以中老泰铁路运输水果为例,基于不同风险因素的耦合得到15个风险耦合值,并计算保费,得出不同风险下的保费结果。     

Cultural Models of Pfiesteria : Toward Cultivating More Appropriate Risk Perceptions

Based on semistructured interviews (N = 7), informal interviewing (N = 63), and a survey (N = 790), this article describes the cultural models used by mid-Atlantic residents to understand Pfiesteria piscicida. A cultural model is a simplified way of understanding a complex system, shared by members of a culture. Eighty-eight percent of respondents understood Pfiesteria using one of four previously existing cultural models: a disease in fish, a parasite in fish, a water pollutant, and a toxin or poison. These models are not used by marine biologists, who are more likely to refer to Pfiesteria taxonomically or, in its fish killing form, to call it a predator. Our survey shows that the cultural model a respondent holds is correlated significantly with his or her believed pathway of human harm (e.g., eating fish versus swimming) and is correlated significantly but weakly with his or her behavioral responses. We conclude that existing cultural models, as the public has applied them to Pfiesteria, have led people to avoid a range of coastal activities and seafoods, in virtually all cases unnecessarily. Cultural models appear to explain public reaction better than previously hypothesized factors such as inaccurate media coverage. These findings suggest an approach to developing a pedagogical and communications strategy which could provide the public with a cultural model better matched to Pfiesteria.     

巴塞尔协议Ⅲ与商业银行资本风险管理探析

文章以巴塞尔协议III为银行风险理论为指导,通过对巴塞尔协议内容的演变,概括出新形势下国际银行业严格资本监管的趋势变化,强调中国商业银行在面临全球性金融危机形势下,必须严格遵循以巴塞尔协议III为准绳的国际银行业监管原则、标准和方法,加强资本风险管理,走资本节约型发展之路,夯实风险管理基础。     

浅谈招标代理机构在交通行业中存在的风险和发展

分析了招标代理机构在交通行业中存在的风险,提出防范风险的措施,并对招标代理机构未来的发展进行探讨。     

关家沟隧道施工阶段安全风险评估

结合长吉铁路关家沟隧道的工程特点,论述了风险评估的意义、风险评估流程、风险评估方法的选择及具体步骤,针对评估结论提出了避免隧道工程风险的具体控制措施。     

基于WBS-RBS法的城市轨道交通设备系统建设风险识别及对策

设备系统建设是城市轨道交通建设过程中的重要环节,对其进行风险识别和应对策略研究十分必要.本文采用WBS-RBS法找出城市轨道交通设备系统建设过程中的关键风险点,并有针对性地提出了风险应对策略,对其他类似工程项目的风险研究也有借鉴意义.     

从机动车限行实践看效果和风险

北京从2008年奥运会后就开始实施机动车尾号限行措施,至今已经进入第三轮,最新一轮政策有效期至2012年4月10日;广州亚运会期间也实施了机动车单双号限行。从社会、经济、交通等多个角度对机动车限行实施效果和风险进行分析,可供制定相关交通管理政策时参考。     

高速公路工程建设监理的责任与风险防范

对高速公路工程建设监理的责任风险作了较系统的分析,并结合工作实践经验提出了监理责任风险的防范措施。     

Strategies for customer service level protection under multi-echelon supply chain disruption risk

We model a multi-echelon system where disruptions can occur at any stage and evaluate multiple strategies for protecting customer service if a disruption should occur. The strategies considered take advantage of the network itself and include satisfying demand from an alternate location in the network, procuring material or transportation from an alternate source or route, and holding strategic inventory reserves throughout the network. Unmet demand is modeled using a mix of backordering and lost sales. We conduct numerical analysis and provide recommendations on selecting strategic mitigation methods to diminish the impact of disruptions on customer service. We demonstrate that the greatest service level improvements can be made by providing both proactive inventory placement to cover short disruptions or the start of long disruptions, and reactive back-up methods to help the supply chain recover after long or permanent disruptions.