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11.
以珠江三角洲为例,分析了城市群区域交通特征、交通空间分布特征等;基于交通区位论和经济引力模型,确定了珠江三角洲城市群连接道路交通网络框架;以功能为核心,将城市群连接道路功能划分为通道功能、干线功能、集散功能和服务地方功能4个层次;进行了功能分级,划分为高速公路、城市群连接道路I级、城市群连接道路II级、城市群连接道路Ⅲ级、地方道路5个等级,建立了城市群连接道路功能分级体系。 相似文献
12.
为了有效地确定航路安全间隔与评估碰撞风险, 研究了基于通信、导航、监视(CNS) 定位误差的侧向碰撞风险问题。运用多维随机变量协方差矩阵, 给出了CNS性能环境下侧向定位误差分布函数, 建立了给定间隔下基于CNS定位误差的侧向碰撞风险模型, 并对侧向碰撞风险进行了评估计算。计算结果表明: 某航路侧向碰撞风险为4.8×10-13, 在安全目标水平5.0×10-9之内, 因此, 该航路在现有的CNS性能环境下满足安全目标水平要求。 相似文献
13.
为全面了解网联自动驾驶交通安全领域的研究进展,利用文献计量方法通过Web of Science核心数据库对Connected and Automated (Autonomous) Vehicles、Connected (Autonomous) Vehicles、Traffic Safety (Accident, Crash, Collision, Conflict)等关键词进行检索,共获取2010至2021年2 130篇相关文献,涵盖5 474位作者和7 017个关键词;利用科学知识图谱对网联自动驾驶道路交通安全研究发展历程、研究归属地、研究主题与内容、研究热点等进行分析总结和可视化解析;通过研究主题和热点的分析指出未来研究方向。研究结果表明:网联自动驾驶道路交通安全研究经历了起步阶段、缓慢增长阶段和快速发展阶段;美国和中国是当今世界对网联自动驾驶道路交通安全领域贡献最大的2个研究主体;研究主题主要围绕宏微观交通流、交通系统影响(交通出行、交通环境、交通安全)、车辆安全避障与路径规划、交通安全评价等展开,研究热点重点围绕网联自动驾驶交通控制与系统优化、新型混合交通流交通安全分析、微观行为建模与仿真安全评估等;未来研究需重视由单车安全转向交通流事故风险传播研究,突破智能网联车队群体决策与编队控制技术,构建虚拟现实下智能网联数据化仿真环境与深度测试平台,挖掘网联自动驾驶人机共驾情境下驾驶人接管绩效评价体系,从而进行精细化的事故风险致因分析、交通安全建模与评估以及事故风险防控策略与算法研究。 相似文献
14.
During the last years, many governments have set targets for increasing the share of biofuels in the transportation sector. Understanding consumer behavior is essential in designing policies that efficiently increase the uptake of cleaner technologies. In this paper we analyze adopters and non-adopters of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). We use diffusion of innovation theory and the established notion that the social system and interpersonal influence play important roles in adoption. Based on a nationwide database of car owners we analyze interpersonal influence on adoption from three social domains: neighbors, family and coworkers. The results point primarily at a neighbor effect in that AFV adoption is more likely if neighbors also have adopted. The results also point at significant effects of interpersonal influence from coworkers and family members but these effects weaken or disappear when income, education level, marriage, age, gender and green party votes are controlled for. The results extend the diffusion of innovation and AFV literature with empirical support for interpersonal influence based on objective data where response bias is not a factor. Implications for further research, environmental and transport policy, and practitioners are discussed. 相似文献
16.
单线区段列车运行图的自动化调整方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了在列车运行情况已知的条件下, 在(t1, t2]时间域内对列车运行图的自动化调整方法, 提出了用列车晚点加权总时分作为评价列车运行图调整优劣的指标, 并建立了指标优化的数学模型和简化模型。把简化模型构成网络图, 并使用分支定界法设计了列车运行图调整的算法。通过模拟编程验证, 该算法可行、有效, 能在较短的时间内得出较理想的3~4 h列车运行图。 相似文献
17.
18.
On the grounds that individuals heavily rely on the information that they receive from their peers when evaluating adoption of a radical innovation, this paper proposes a new approach to forecast long-term adoption of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). The concept of resistance is employed to explain why individuals typically tend to defer the adoption of an innovation. We assume that there exists a social network among individuals through which they communicate based on certain frequencies. In addition, individuals can be subject to media advertisement based on certain frequencies. An individual’s perceptions are dynamic and change over time as the individual is exposed to advertisement and communicates with satisfied and dissatisfied adopters. We also explicitly allow willingness-to-pay (WTP) to change as a result of peer-to-peer communication. An individual decides to adopt when (i) there is a need for a new vehicles; (ii) his/her WTP is greater than CAV price; and (iii) his/her overall impression about CAVs reaches a cutoff value. Applicability of the proposed approach is shown using a survey of employees of the University of Memphis. Our results show that the automobile fleet will be near homogenous in about 2050 only if CAV prices decrease at an annual rate of 15% or 20%. We find that a 6-month pre-introduction marketing campaign may have no significant impact on adoption trend. Marketing is shown to ignite CAV diffusion but its effect is capped. CAV market share will be close to 100% only if all adopters are satisfied with their purchases; therefore, the probability that an individual becomes a satisfied adopter plays an important role in the trend of adoption. The effect of the latter probability is more pronounced as time goes by and is also more prominent when CAV price reduces at greater rates. Some caveats may be inserted when considering the study results as the findings are subject to sample bias and data limitations. 相似文献
19.
Highways and freeways are the main infrastructure channel used to transport cargo in Brazil. This cargo often includes dangerous chemical products which can, in the event of an accident, negatively impact the environment. The development and implementation of tools for the rapid diagnosis of environmental vulnerability in the transportation of dangerous goods has been studied. However, for highways and freeways there is a lack of studies based on environmental attributes, and not just based on statistical data which demands a specific period for collection and analysis and only after that the implementation of preventive measures. Thus, evaluation grounded on multiple criteria embedded in Geographic Information System (GIS) has significant potential for the practical implementation of risk management of road transportation of dangerous goods. This study has determined the environmental vulnerability of route BR 050, specifically the segment between the cities of Uberlândia and Uberaba in the state of Minas Gerais, where multi criteria analysis has been efficient in determining the most vulnerable areas. The main attributes analyzed were the drainage density, soil type and geology, determining that in case of an accident with dangerous substances the regional environment would be immediately affected, and so endorsing the use of this tool in many segments involved in environmental management of highway enterprises. 相似文献
20.
The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making. 相似文献