考虑动压与路面粗糙度时轮胎湿牵引性能研究

根据流体动力润滑理论,将轮胎黏性滑水问题模拟为胎面单元与路面之间的动压、挤压膜问题,同时考虑了路面粗糙度的影响,建立了轮胎胎面单元黏性滑水问题的数学模型,并进行数值求解。以矩形胎面单元为例分析了胎面单元对轮胎黏性滑水性能的影响。结果表明,轮胎的薄膜湿牵引性能与滑动速度成反比;在考虑路面粗糙度的情况下,引入了膜厚比作为轮胎的薄膜湿牵引性能衡量标准,得出湿牵引性能与路面粗糙度成正比的结论。     

充填型岩溶突水突泥灾害源的核磁共振表征与泥水识别方法

隧道穿越富水岩溶地层时,为预报可能遭遇的突水突泥灾害类型、水量以及突出物信息,需提前探明掌子面前方地层含水量、渗透系数、导水系数等水文地质参数,从而对灾害源进行泥水识别。核磁共振探测（Magnetic Resonance Sounding,MRS）是一种能够直接探明地层水文地质特征的物探方法,基于MRS方法的这一优势,提出一种针对充填型岩溶突水突泥灾害源的核磁共振表征与泥水识别的方法,以期对突水突泥灾害进行预报并加以区分。通过引入Log-Gauss分布函数构建MRS弛豫时间的时空分布函数,用以表征不同灾害所对应的充填物特征;并对掌子面前方电阻率、含水量以及MRS弛豫时间分布进行三维离散,实现了对充填型岩溶突水突泥灾害源的核磁共振表征与建模。在此基础上,正演模拟了不同类型突水突泥灾害源的MRS响应信号,并分析了其响应特征与影响因素。基于灾害源的MRS响应信号特征,利用充填物含水量和MRS弛豫时间的时空分布函数建立了以充填型岩溶突水突泥灾害源的泥水识别因子作为对灾害源进行泥水识别的判据。     

桥面防水粘结材料性能研究

通过对防水粘结材料FYT、高剂量SBS改性沥青、环氧沥青3种材料的室内模拟试验研究,对比了防水粘结材料的剪切强度、拉拔强度和老化性能。本文推荐采用高剂量SBS改性沥青作为高速公路水泥混凝土桥面沥青铺装防水粘结材料。     

壁面吸声材料对汽车排气消声器性能的影响

用GT-Power软件对某汽车消声器进行建模和仿真．通过建立3组在消声器壳体内壁粘贴不同吸声材料的模型,对其进行仿真对比分析。发现在消声器壳体内壁粘贴吸声材料,能提高消声器的插入损失。且随材料密度的增加,插入损失在低频段有较大的增加,而在中高频段变化不大。实验数据验证了采用GT-Power对消声器的插入损失进行仿真分析其结果是可信的。     

舰船用非金属材料污染散发特性及检测评价研究进展

舰船大量使用的非金属材料是舱室空气污染的主要来源之一。合理的非金属材料污染散发检测评价方法可有效指导舰船设计、建造、使用和维护期间的非金属材料选用,降低舱室空气污染散发,改善舱室空气品质。从舰船用非金属材料的散发特性出发,全面总结舰船用非金属材料散发特性的检测评价现状,指出当前我国舰船用非金属材料污染散发检测评价存在的不足和发展方向。该研究对舰船及其他人工环境相关规范和控制程序的制定与改进具有指导意义。

     

特种越野车关键部件疲劳分析方法的探索

通过对某特种越野车进行道路试验,获取不同工况下关键部件动应力的时域、频域信息;在此基础上,对传统时域疲劳分析方法和频域的各种不同疲劳分析方法进行对比。     

关联道路试验的轴耦合道路模拟试验关键技术研究

轴耦合道路模拟试验技术是源于道路试验的先进技术.首先梳理了两者的原理及关系;提出了道路试验与轴耦合道路模拟试验的主要关联路线;提出了道路模拟试验有效性的研究方法;提出了基于疲劳损伤的道路模拟试验可信度分析方法;总结实际试验关联结果,证明道路模拟试验的精准性.     

基于G1法的海外铁路项目风险评价方法研究

为了提高海外铁路项目风险评估和项目管理水平,解决"一带一路"倡议下铁路"走出去"的技术难题,建立了海外铁路项目风险评价指标体系和多级评价模型.首先,根据层次分析法的原理,按照项目风险来源性质的不同,建立了由5个1级指标和15个2级指标组成的海外铁路项目风险评价指标体系;其次,利用G1法对专家关于指标重要程度的排序意见进...     

Environmentally appraising different pavement and construction scenarios: A comparative analysis for a typical local road

The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of environmental impacts for different scenarios of a typical local road. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the modeling tool used to quantify and characterize comparative environmental impacts. In carrying out this specific application of the LCA, different road construction techniques were considered with regards to the whole structure and compared in order to identify the best alternative in terms of environmental sustainability.So far, in fact, typical LCA frameworks of roads have focused on recycled materials for pavement layers only, thus neglecting study of the materials used in the embankment or in the subgrade. In this study, these materials were included too, in order to prove the environmental benefit of using a sustainable technique such as in situ stabilization of fine soils with lime (typically dumped clayey soils) in order to reduce the need for virgin material for embankment and subgrade construction.When using different percentages of recycled materials (such as reclaimed asphalt pavement – RAP) in the bituminous layer or in the foundation, the analysis of the functional unit studied shows a significant reduction of energy consumption and pollutant emissions mainly due to transportation of materials involved, in this way increasing the environmental performance of the road.Another important consideration is that the use of fine soils stabilized with lime “in situ”, instead of dumping it, not only is a good technical solution for improving soil mechanical properties, but it also produces a reduction of energy consumption and of pollutant emissions. It is noticeable that this technique results in a significant reduction of pollutant emissions due the transportation of involved materials, increasing the environmental performance of the road.     

Transport energy consumption in mountainous roads. A comparative case study for internal combustion engines and electric vehicles in Andorra

This paper analyses transport energy consumption of conventional and electric vehicles in mountainous roads. A standard round trip in Andorra has been modelled in order to characterise vehicle dynamics in hilly regions. Two conventional diesel vehicles and their electric-equivalent models have been simulated and their performances have been compared. Six scenarios have been simulated to study the effects of factors such as orography, traffic congestion and driving style. The European fuel consumption and emissions test and Artemis urban driving cycles, representative of European driving cycles, have also been included in the comparative analysis. The results show that road grade has a major impact on fuel economy, although it affects consumption in different levels depending on the technology analysed. Electric vehicles are less affected by this factor as opposed to conventional vehicles, increasing the potential energy savings in a hypothetical electrification of the car fleet. However, electric vehicle range in mountainous terrains is lower compared to that estimated by manufacturers, a fact that could adversely affect a massive adoption of electric cars in the short term.