动态设计在新七道梁特长公路隧道建设中的尝试

根据兰临高速公路新七道梁隧道施工中围岩开挖和支护变形的实际情况,通过对隧道支护、衬砌结构进行动态设计的尝试,取得了预期的建设成果;提出了隧道建设动态管理的几点建议,对今后的公路隧道建设管理有一定的借鉴作用。     

Geometric design safety estimation based on tire–road side friction

A closed-loop drive–vehicle–road–environment system (DVRES) model was established using Adams/Car and Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic responses of lateral tire forces based on tire–road side friction and road geometric characteristics are used to investigate vehicle side slip for geometric design safety estimation. The root mean square, the maximum values of lateral tire forces, comfort limit on curves and vehicle trajectories are used to quantify the safety margin of side friction. The simulation results show that the safety margins of lateral tire forces for radius, operating speed and superelevation rate were 18.2%, 19.3% and 17.6%, respectively, to guarantee good vehicle lateral reliability and ride comfort, while lower speeds are optimal in wet and slippery roads. Finally, a case study was conducted to illustrate the analysis of road design safety, and on-site experiment testing further validated the accuracy and reliability of the closed-loop DVRES model.     

广西路网工程路线设计方法

文章结合广西路网工程建设背景、路网工程建设程序、路线设计步骤,介绍了以公路运行安全、新征用土地数量、工程造价、地形地物、方便施工等为原则控制路线的设计方法,同时针对当前路网工程路线设计中存在的主要问题,提出了相关的处理措施。     

大洪山生态文化旅游区空间发展模式研究

文章针对近域旅游区主导旅游资源相似和相异并存的特点,提出旅游区＂整合-竞合＂发展模式（3C模式）,并以大洪山生态文化旅游区组织与规划为例,提出基于游客行为的旅游线路组织模式及相应的旅游公路网布局结构与交通设计理念。     

Do people drive safer when accidents are more expensive: Testing for moral hazard in experience rating schemes

Using individual policies and claims data from the Croatian mandatory motor insurance we test the theoretical proposition that under moral hazard, experience rated pricing scheme should generate the negative state dependence in claims, i.e. that drivers should drive more safely after they had an accident. The empirical challenge in these tests is to disentangle the state dependence from unobserved heterogeneity. We propose a simple approach based on the explicit reliance on the cost of future accidents function which is used to filter out the pure incentives effect, whereas the bonus-malus scale is used to control for pure heterogeneity. Our results confirm the existence of negative dependence in claims indicating the presence of significant moral hazard effect. Increasing a 3-year cost of having an accident by approximately US$20 decreases the probability of having an accident by 6.5%.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from road construction: An assessment of alternative staging approaches

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with road construction activities are analyzed. The main focus of this analysis is on the vehicle emissions associated with alternative project staging approaches, specifically a full closure of the road during construction, versus an intermittent road closure. The analysis includes the direct and upstream emissions associated with materials, construction equipment, mobilization of resources to the work site, and maintenance activity associated with the project over its lifetime. The analysis is based on one case study of a road project in New Jersey. The assumptions underlying the staging analysis are based on hypothetical approaches. Results provide an assessment of the main sources of project related emissions and the ability to minimize total project emissions by minimizing traffic disruption. In the analysis with a full closure of the road, traffic disruption accounts for 26% of total emissions, while with an intermittent road closure, traffic disruption accounts for only 2% of total emissions. The other main sources are from materials and life-cycle maintenance. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of minimizing project related GHG emissions during road construction activities.     

六宜路底面层沥青混合料组成优化设计分析

底面层是沥青路面结构层中承上启下的重要层位,文章结合六宜路沥青路面施工实例,以骨架密实型为目标对底面层沥青混合料配合比进行了优化设计分析,并通过室内试验与施工质量检测,验证了生产配合比优化后的沥青混合料的路用性能与施工质量。     

PHC管桩复合地基处理技术在路桥过渡段的应用研究

已有的工程实践表明,路桥过渡段往往会由于路桥两种结构形式的不同产生不均匀沉降,发生诸如桥头跳车、路面开裂等病害,在软弱地基条件下,病害尤为明显。该文以上海虹桥枢纽工程为背景,在软弱下卧层的不良地质条件下,采用PHC管桩复合地基处理技术对路桥过渡段进行路基处理,降低路桥段的不均匀沉降,避免病害的发生。实际工程应用表明,该方法应用成效明显,且施工速度快、工程造价低。     

等截面预应力混凝土连续梁桥设计的探讨

以天津市津沧高速公路静王路立交主线7#～10#墩35 m+50 m+35 m等截面连续梁和天津市津港高速公路主线177#～181#墩27 m+33.8 m+31 m+27 m等截面连续梁为例,对公路及市政桥梁常采用的适合于中等跨径的等截面箱形预应力混凝土连续梁进行了结构设计与计算方面的研究和比较。对施工方法和预应力张拉方式进行了分析对比,并结合公路桥涵新规范对预应力混凝土连续梁结构设计给出一些意见和建议。     

昌平钢-混凝土结合连续刚构桥的设计与施工

昌平跨线桥采用两联跨度为(37+60+79+42.5)m及(42.5+79+42.5)m的钢-混凝土结合连续刚构型式.该桥主梁为钢-混凝土结合梁,钢箱梁采用单箱单室直腹板截面,桥面板为钢筋混凝土结构,钢箱梁在中墩处与混凝土墩身固结,下部结构墩柱均采用矩形桥墩.采用有限元程序MIDAS Civil建立全桥空间结构计算模型,对该桥进行静力计算分析,结果表明钢箱应力及结构强度均满足规范要求.为减少对桥下交通的影响,该桥钢箱梁采用工厂预制、现场吊装的方法施工,预制桥面板按先跨中后支点的顺序施工,采用间断法安装.