双目标路径诱导下的交通信息定价策略

为了提高交通信息定价精度,在假定出行者权衡出行时间和出行费用双目标路径诱导的基础上,建立混合均衡定价模型,通过实例对模型进行了标定和验证,对比评价了单目标和双目标路径诱导下的交通信息定价策略,并给出双目标路径诱导下的交通信息定价结果。研究结果表明,与双目标路径诱导相比,单目标路径诱导改变了交通信息定价的可行区域,当具有信息的出行者、交通信息提供者、交通管理者三方各自的利益为决策主体时,交通信息的最终价格分别为1.3、2.6和1.8元,说明了混合均衡定价模型是有效的。     

交通拥挤漂移的形成机理与预防技术

为了研究交通诱导信息对驾驶员驾驶行为的影响,从诱导比例、替代路径数量、替代路径合理性和路网交通负荷分布的角度,分析了在动态交通诱导条件下拥挤漂移现象的产生机理,提出了逐步增加诱导比例,在路阻数据中加入干扰因子与K最短路方法等3种预防交通拥挤漂移的技术,并采用Vissim交通仿真软件对其进行了模拟评价。模拟结果表明:在局部拥挤的道路网络中,所提出的3种方法都能够减轻或消除拥挤漂移现象,其中K最短路方法的效果最好,其次是逐步诱导方法,尽管在路阻数据中加入干扰因子的方法效果最不理想,但仍优于对车辆进行100%诱导和不采取任何诱导措施的情况。     

基于元胞自动机的VMS诱导信息系统研究

VMS诱导信息系统的特点是系统的性能高度依赖驾驶员对信息的反应，诱导信息类型一直是研究的重点。已有的研究多侧重于将行程时间作为诱导信息，如当前行程时间、预测行程时间。有学者基于两条等长路径尝试将速度信息作为诱导信息，并对最近驶出车辆的行程时间信息和平均速度信息的诱导效果进行对比，结果表明速度诱导信息效果更好。考虑实际路网中．替换路径长度通常不等，文中以元胞自动机为工具，对发布平均行程时间诱导信息和平均速度诱导信息的效果进行模拟，并对结果进行分析。     

The influence of route guidance advice on route choice in urban networks

The paper begins by reviewing what is known about route choice processes and notes the mismatch between this knowledge and the route choice assumptions embedded in the most widely used assignment models. Empirical evidence on the influence of route guidance advice on route choice is reviewed and, despite its limited nature, is seen to suggest that users are reluctant to follow advice unless they find it convincing and that, the more familiar they are with the network, the less likely they are to accept advice. Typically only a small minority of journeys are made in total compliance with advice.Results from an interactive route choice simulator (IGOR) are summarised and are seen to reveal that compliance depends on the extent to which the advice is corroborated by other factors, on the drivers' familiarity with the network and on the quality of advice previously received. It is noted that the IGOR results are in a form which would enable response models to be calibrated.Recent approaches to the modelling of route choice in the context of guidance are discussed. Some are seen to make simplifying assumptions which must limit the relevance of their results; most make no allowance for the fact that drivers are unlikely to comply with all advice and several are not able to represent the benefits which guidance might bring in the context of sporadic congestion or incidents.As an alternative, a two phase model comprising a medium term strategic equilibrium and a day-specific simulation with explicit representation of driver response is proposed.Updated and extended from an earlier version published in theProceedings of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE No 425/IV-4, 1991-1).     

完善上海轨道交通网络导乘系统管理的探讨

在上海轨道交通形成网络后,乘客对导乘信息的需求更为迫切和多元化。目前上海轨道交通网络中已有多种形式的导乘系统为乘客提供多方位的导乘信息服务。介绍了运营服务标识系统、广播系统、乘客信息服务系统、客服中心技术支持系统、智能查询系统、网络运营智能化信息服务系统等,以及上海地铁服务监督热线、运营便民信息(印刷品)、上海地铁网等,并指出了存在的问题。对如何完善上海轨道交通网络运营导乘系统提出了相关建议。     

基于GIS的不良地质三维建模及线路优化设计研究

现代选线设计更为注重地质选线、环境选线的理念,需要对选线区域的地质问题进行有效的可视化表达。基于Arc GIS对三维数据处理及其可视化功能,在建立三维地形环境的基础上,通过获取不良地质的矢量、栅格数据以及钻孔数据,建立不良地质实体模型,并将其叠加到三维地形中得到三维地质选线环境,从而对经过不良地质区域的线路进行更加全面地平立面绕避方案比选,解决单一平面绕行引起的方案缺失问题,使线路设计方案更具科学性。     

地铁车站候车区域乘客分配方法

针对地铁车站候车区域客流的分配问题,基于机动车交通流均衡分配理论,提出了一种候车区域乘客分配模型,以模拟地铁车站候车区域内客流的分配。以北京宣武门地铁站为例,通过统计分析该车站晚高峰时刻候车区域客流数据,验证了所构建的乘客分配模型的有效性。深入研究了不同进站客流率对于候车区域乘客分配的影响,提出站内设置实时动态引导信息的方法以提高候车区域的利用率。     

地铁地面站与商业体衔接设计——以广州地铁1号线坑口站为例

为了解决地铁地面站与商业体衔接设计的原则与思路问题,提高地铁与地面物业连接开发的设计品质,通过对地铁地面站与商业体衔接的发展趋势及设计原则进行分析,探讨其基本的设计思路,并以广州地铁1号线坑口站与其相邻物业“荔胜广场”项目内的商业的衔接设计为例,对其设计思路进行探析。其中,设计原则主要有：直达性原则、引导性原则、人性化原则、安全性原则。设计策略主要涉及缩短衔接距离、强化引导功能、美化路径环境及消防设计措施等。希望能为将来的地铁地面站与商业体衔接设计提供一些借鉴。     

Evolutionary trajectory planning of ships in navigation traffic areas

By taking into account certain boundaries of the maneuvering region, along with navigation obstacles and other moving ships, the problem of avoiding collisions in navigation traffic areas was reduced to a dynamic optimization task with static and dynamic constraints. In heavy navigation traffic areas and within coastal zones, correct selection of a ship's speed, when accompanied by the necessary trajectory changes, is a crucial element of safe navigation. This paper presents a modernized version of the evolutionary ship trajectory planning system in which a new parameter was introduced, namely changes of the ship's speed along particular sections of the trajectory. Generally, a safe trajectory is estimated using specialized genetic operators for modifying the trajectory. Here, an additional operator was added to the system that mutates the ship's speed. Sample results present the safe trajectory for a ferry meeting other moving ships and navigational constraints on its way. Received for publication on Dec. 2, 1998; accepted on June 16, 1999     

智能公路磁道钉诱导磁场特性电磁感应法研究

对智能公路上磁道钉形成的诱导磁场特性运用电磁感应法进行研究,设计了诱导磁场测量方案,分析了诱导磁场特性,拟合了诱导磁场特性近似数学模型,最后以试验结果论证了理论分析结果。