Measurement of ocean temperatures using instruments carried by Antarctic fur seals

The study aimed to test the utility of instruments deployed on marine mammals for measuring physical oceanographic variation and, using this method, to examine temperature variation in the coastal waters around South Georgia. There was a significant correlation between temperature measurements made using a towed undulating oceanographic recorder (UOR) and concurrent measurements from time-depth recorders (TDRs) fitted to lactating Antarctic fur seals foraging from the coast of South Georgia. Congruence was found at horizontal spatial scales from 0.01°×0.01° to 0.5°×0.5° (degrees of latitude and longitude), and at a vertical scale of 10 m. However, there was no significant correlation between temperature measured by TDRs in the top 5 m and sea surface temperature (SST) measured by satellite remote sensing. TDR data provided information about temperature variation vertically through the water column, and through time. The UOR data were used to recalibrate the TDR data in order to correct for the slow response time of the TDR thermistor relative to the speed of seal movements through the water column. Seasonal temperature variation was apparent, and temperatures also varied between regions, and with bathymetry. These results were consistent with the current interpretation of the coastal oceanography around South Georgia. In particular, the relationship between on- and off-shelf waters showed larger amounts of warmer surface water in a region in which more run-off was to be expected. The study also showed that Antarctic fur seals concentrate their activity in regions of colder, and presumably oceanic, water. Such instrumented animals could provide near real time data for assimilation into ocean models.     

“服务利润链”在我国汽车4S店中的应用

本文以服务利润链理论为基础,在对汽车4S店服务利润链关系分析的基础上提出了几点服务营销策略。     

Examining Local Coastal Zone Management Capacity in U.S. Pacific Coastal Counties

The coastal zone has critical natural, commercial, recreational, ecological, industrial, and esthetic values for current and future generations. Thus, there are increasing pressures from population growth and coastal land development. Local coastal land use planning plays an important role in implementing the U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) by establishing goals and performance policies for addressing critical coastal issues. This study extends the CZMA Performance Measurement System from the national level to the local land use level by measuring coastal zone land use plan quality and political context in fifty-three Pacific coastal counties. Plan quality is measured using an evaluation protocol defined by five components and sixty-eight indicators. The results indicate a reasonable correspondence between national goals and local coastal zone land use planning goals, but a slight gap might exist between the national/state versus local levels in the overall effectiveness of coastal zone management (CZM) efforts. The results show many U.S. Pacific coastal counties lack strong coastal zone land use plans because the average plan quality score was only 22.7 out of 50 points. Although these plans set relatively clear goals and objectives, they are somewhat weaker in their factual basis, identify a limited range of the available planning tools and techniques, and establish few coordination and implementation mechanisms. The regression analysis results indicate that CZM plan quality was not significantly related to any of the jurisdictional characteristics.     

考虑水流路径长度的S型曲线超高段纵坡研究

雨天公路S型曲线超高缓和路段易形成积水,影响行车安全.以力学为基础,运用有限差分,建立了超高渐变段的水流路径长度与纵坡的关系模型;考虑车辆发生滑水的危险状态,得到水流路径控制长度.以公路单路拱S型曲线为研究对象,对3组不同车道数和7种不同纵坡工况下的±2％超高渐变段的水流路径长度进行分析.结果表明:纵坡由0.5％增加到6％,水流路径长度平均增大2.83倍,纵坡越大,水流路径越长;当纵坡大于4％时,不同车道的水流路径都超过了限定值.以水流路径长度为控制指标,给出了不同车道数S型曲线平缓超高路段最大纵坡建议值.     

连霍高速公路哈密—吐鲁番区间防风技术研究

在沿线风害成因、分布特征、基本风速对比分析研究基础上,确定连霍高速百里风区防风区段和防风标准,提出高速公路强横风路段采用柔性防风阻沙栅的防风措施,对于今后我国高速公路风害防控技术研究和高速公路安全、高效行车具有一定的指导意义和科学借鉴作用。     

美军运输技术装备发展特点与启示

从运输需求、装备配套发展、现代信息技术研究方面,探讨了美军运输技术装备发展的做法和特点,结合我军实际,提出了转变观念、创新理论,注重借鉴、适时引进,自主创新、技术赶超,寓军于民、军地结合,夯实基础、配套改造,优化配置、系统集成等有针对性的建议,以期对我军军交运输保障装备建设有所启示。     

混合动力汽车整车控制器开发与试验

基于飞思卡尔公司的双核微控制器9S12XDT512开发了一款通用的混合动力汽车（HEV）整车控制器（VehicleControl Unit-VCU）,设计时考虑硬件的通用性,使之能够适用于多种混合动力汽车的整车控制。为验证VCU功能,本文以某款并联混合动力公交车为控制对象,在基于dSPACE的硬件在环仿真系统上进行了一系列仿真试验。试验结果表明：VCU能够准确地控制整车实现混合动力工作状态,进而验证了VCU硬件的有效性。     

二维半理论和切片法的数值比较研究

二维半理论是近年来应用于高速船舶运动和波浪载荷预报的一种势流理论.该理论采用了三维的自由面条件,控制方程和物面条件是二维的.新切片法则是目前在波浪载荷预报程序中广泛采用的一种二维势流方法.为了探讨二维半理论在船舶耐波性领域的应用,本文以NPL单体船船模Mode 15b为例,进行了二维半理论和切片理论在不同航速下的水动力,运动响应和垂向波浪载荷的数值结果比较,来说明两种理论方法的异同.     

美国汽车产品再制造产业浅析

美国的再制造产业有100多年的历史,目前已经发展成为成熟的产业,并且为关国工业、经济及就业等做出了重要贡献,尤其是汽车产品再制造,已经成为汽车工业不可缺少的组成部分。与美国相比,我国汽车再制造产业处于刚起步期,虽然已经有企业开始试点,但是整体环境还未成熟。文章对美国汽车产品再制造产业发展历程、主要企业、行业协会及产业管理等方面进行了介绍,为我国汽车产品再制造产业发展提供参考。     

软土路基固结沉降机理及其预测方法研究

针对软土路基沉降难以预测的实际情况,对软土路基沉降发展规律及其特点进行了深入讨论,提出了软土路基沉降发展的发生-发展-稳定-极限四阶段划分法。在此基础上,基于3种社会经济预测S型成长曲线模型,引入组合预测的思想,提出了一种预测软土路基沉降发展规律的变权重组合预测方法,并采用数学规划方法进行了求解,结合某具体工程对预测方法进行了验证。结果表明,该模型预测效果比其他单一模型具有明显的优越性,其预测曲线与实测数据曲线吻合良好,且分析方法灵活,为软土路基沉降发展预测提供了一种有效而实用的方法,具有一定的工程实用价值。