孔结构对水泥混凝土抗冻性的影响

采用基于数字分析技术的测孔法及压汞法分别测试水泥混凝土的孔结构,研究水泥混凝土抗冻性与孔结构的关系,并对孔结构对混凝土冻融性能的影响加以分析。结果表明,掺入优质引气剞等外加剂可显著改善混凝土的孔结构,从而提高混凝土的抗冻耐久性。     

聚合物水泥砂浆路用性能与改性机理研究

为了研究聚合物水泥砂浆(PMA)的路用性能,通过室内测试,研究聚合物对水泥砂浆凝结性能、力学性能、粘结性能与耐久性能的改性作用;通过观察SEM扫描电镜照片,分析聚合物对砂浆的改性机理。试验结果表明:随着聚合物掺量的增加,水泥净浆的初凝与终凝时间延长;PMA的抗折强度较普通砂浆有大幅度提高且压折比降低,粘结强度增大,变形、耐腐蚀与抗渗等耐久性能均显著增强。由于聚合物具有成膜和填充效应,PMA内部趋向于一种连续密实的空间网架结构。PMA的各项性能均有随聚灰比的增加而改性效果更明显的趋势。     

Structural equation modeling for national travel demand: an examination of the relationships between communication modes

This paper examines the relationships among different transportation modes, and between transportation and telecommunications, by applying the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. For this purpose, we collected and compiled time series data on national travel demand, and socioeconomic and telecommunications conditions in Taiwan, and built national travel demand models using SEM. The estimation results show that the relationship between telecommunications and transportation demand (either car ownership or public transportation) is more complementary than substitutional. Moreover, car ownership is a type of inelastic necessity good, and its relationship with public transportation is more substitutional than complementary. Finally, among the three public transportation modes – rail, bus and domestic air – it is found that air is weakest in terms of competitive power. From the viewpoint of long-term forecasting trends, the bus holds its competitive power in comparison with other public transportation modes and would not be replaced in the future.     

基于SEM的共享单车使用决策研究

为探索用户对共享单车的使用决策形成过程,基于结构方程模型（Structural Equation Model, SEM）,以济南市历城区和历下区564 份用户骑行问卷数据为研究对象,将共享单车服务质量、环境质量、用户的忍受疲劳程度等因素作为潜变量,将出行距离、用户可接受骑行时长、温度、地势、车体质量等因素作为显变量,量化了外生潜变量与显变量之间、内生潜变量与显变量之间以及外生潜变量与内生潜变量之间的复杂关系,构建了共享单车使用决策模型。研究结果表明,用户的忍受疲劳程度在影响使用决策上起主要作用,其次是服务质量,环境质量的影响最小。在此基础上,提出了针对共享单车管理与投放的合理化建议,以促进运营企业提高服务水平、资源利用效率和经营效益。     

The Integrated Model on Mobile Payment Acceptance (IMMPA): An empirical application to public transport

This study examines the users’ acceptance and usage of mobile payments, focusing on the mobile ticketing technologies applied in a public transport context. We investigate the main predictors of the intention to use mobile ticketing and the relation between those predictors, considering the prominent literature on users’ technology acceptance background and extending the knowledge through an innovative contribution. The main models of reference in this study are the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Diffusion of Innovation Model (DOI) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The new model that we proposed is called the Integrated Model on Mobile Payment Acceptance (IMMPA), and it was designed specifically for mobile payments in the public transport, on the basis of the models previously mentioned. It was developed by mixing the variables of the existing models and adding new ones tailored to the mobile payment/ticketing framework. The theoretical framework was tested using the Structural Equation Models. The results show that the intention to use a technology is affected by the Usefulness, Ease of use and the Security of that technology. Moreover, the Usefulness is simultaneously influenced by the Ease of use, the Compatibility with users’ values and needs and their Attitude towards mobile services. Furthermore, the model confirms the direct relation between the intention to use a technology and its actual usage. The new predictor, that is the Attitude towards mobile services, includes those requirements that every mobile ticketing payment must address in this context: complete information, further information about time and delay, speed of use, intuitive interface, and path customisation. Another new construct detected is the Security, in reference to mobile payment. Because it could represent an obstacle to mobile ticketing distribution, it must be considered by market operators. The originality of the paper addresses the realisation of a new model, the IMMPA, which was specifically designed for mobile payment in the public transport.     

西湖泥炭质土微观结构和矿物组成分析

以西湖泥炭质土为研究对象,取不同深度的土进行分析.利用扫描电镜试验(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对泥炭质土进行微观结构观察、测定土中常见的微量元素并计算其相对百分比,分析了该土的微观结构组成和矿物成分.实验结果表明:泥炭质土表层(6 m)主要由水云母和二八面体蒙皂石组成,中部(10 m)主要由三八面体绿泥石和二八面体蒙皂石组成,底层(10 m)主要由三八面体绿泥石和二八面体蒙皂石组成.泥炭质土微观结构比较疏松,由土体基质和基质间胶结矿物组成,并存在着大量的孔隙.这决定了泥炭质土物理、力学性质极差,并能很好的说明泥炭质土的流动性.     

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学习能力,作为人类区别于其他生命体的重要标志,在出行决策中发挥着重要的作用。为发现学习能力对个体出行规律的重要影响,本文首先根据影响个体出行的各个因素在出行决策中起到的不同作用,将其划分为静态因素与动态因素两类,并着重分析了静态因素中的学习能力对个体出行特征的影响。随后在定性分析的基础上,建立了个体社会经济特征、学习能力、出行行为间三者的结构方程模型(SEM),并以天津滨海新区城市居民出行调查数据为基础,对模型进行了拟合、评价和修正,最后对模型结果进行了解释, 在一定程度上揭示了个体的社会经济特征及学习能力对个体出行特征的重要影响。     

SiGe缓冲层对β-SiC(n)/c-Si(p)异质结特性的影响

SiC/Si的界面特性严重影响着SiC/Si异质结的电学特性及光学特性.在β-SiC(n)/c-Si(p)异质结中引入SiGe缓冲层,构造了Al/β-SiC(n)/SiGe/c-Si(p)/Al典型的三明治异质结结构.对带有和不带SiGe缓冲层的β-SiC(n)/c-Si(p)异质结的界面SEM图像,正反向I-V特性曲线及QE作了对比研究,理论和实验均表明,SiGe缓冲层的引入可以有效地改善β-SiC(n)/c-Si(p)异质结的界面特性,减少界面缺陷,从而提高异质结的反向击穿电压及整流比,展宽异质结光谱响应范围,提高量子效率QE,且使QE的峰值点发生明显红移.     

再生沥青混合料沥青胶浆微观状态测试方法研究

为直接测试分析热再生沥青胶浆的新旧沥青混合状态,研究采用未改性纳米氧化锌、改性纳米氧化锌作为新沥青示踪剂的可行性。采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察沥青中纳米氧化锌的分布特点,分析确定掺入沥青中纳米氧化锌比例。试验评价了添加纳米氧化锌对沥青性能影响,测试了 RAP沥青胶浆微观形态。试验结果表明：掺入4％的纳米氧化锌不改变沥青性能,且能均匀分布于沥青中,可作为标记新沥青的示踪剂,并用于分析再生沥青混合料沥青胶浆的新旧沥青混融状态。     

滨海地区改良盐渍土的微观特性研究

为了揭示改良剂对盐渍土的力学性质的影响机理,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对改良盐渍土的微观结构进行了分析,探讨了不同改良剂、不同剂量对改良土的微观结构的影响。研究结果表明：改良盐渍土在添加改良剂前后,微观结构特征明显不同,添加改良剂有效的改善了盐渍土的稳定性和强度,从而从微观结构揭示了改良剂对盐渍土力学性质的影响机理。