Origin-destination matrices estimation model using automatic vehicle identification data and its application to the Han-Shin expressway network

The Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) system was recently installed in expressway networks in Japan. License plate numbers of passing vehicles are monitored through roadside AVI cameras and then recognized. This paper shows the formulation of origin and destination (OD) matrices estimation model using the observed data with the AVI system. The results of license plate matching between a pair of AVI cameras are involved as the input variables. The formulated model is a least squares model and yields to the linear transformation of the partly observed OD matrices. The model is applied to the Kobe corridor line in the Han-Shin expressway network. It is found that the estimated OD matrix is consistent with the one using the previous mail survey. The proposed estimation method is expected to investigate the day-to-day fluctuations of OD patterns in the expressway network.     

基于ZCZ训练序列的MIMO-DDST联合信道与直流偏移估计

在通信系统中,信道估计的准确与否直接影响到接收端符号的检测性能,对MIMO系统更是如此。本文首先介绍隐含序列的信道估计方法,并分析此类方法存在的问题,包括信道估计性能受发送端符号数据的影响以及受未知直流偏移影响。然后,重点研究基于ZCZ(Zero Correlation Zone)训练序列的DDST(Data-De-pendent Superimposed Training)方案,此方案可以实现多天线系统的多径信道和直流偏移联合估计。最后,给出理论分析和仿真结果,二者均表明平衡ZCZ训练序列不但能分离直流偏移估计和信道估计,而且能使二者的估计均方差性能同时达到最优。     

Distributed and self-adaptive vehicle speed estimation in the composite braking case for four-wheel drive hybrid electric car

Considering the controllability and observability of the braking torques of the hub motor, Integrated Starter Generator (ISG), and hydraulic brake for four-wheel drive (4WD) hybrid electric cars, a distributed and self-adaptive vehicle speed estimation algorithm for different braking situations has been proposed by fully utilising the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) sensor signals and multiple powersource signals. Firstly, the simulation platform of a 4WD hybrid electric car was established, which integrates an electronic-hydraulic composited braking system model and its control strategy, a nonlinear seven degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model, and the Burckhardt tyre model. Secondly, combining the braking torque signals with the ESP signals, self-adaptive unscented Kalman sub-filter and main-filter adaptable to the observation noise were, respectively, designed. Thirdly, the fusion rules for the sub-filters and master filter were proposed herein, and the estimation results were compared with the simulated value of a real vehicle speed. Finally, based on the hardware in-the-loop platform and by picking up the regenerative motor torque signals and wheel cylinder pressure signals, the proposed speed estimation algorithm was tested under the case of moderate braking on the highly adhesive road, and the case of Antilock Braking System (ABS) action on the slippery road, as well as the case of ABS action on the icy road. Test results show that the presented vehicle speed estimation algorithm has not only a high precision but also a strong adaptability in the composite braking case.     

Self-tuning control algorithm design for vehicle adaptive cruise control system through real-time estimation of vehicle parameters and road grade

The main purpose of this paper is to design a self-tuning control algorithm for an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system that can adapt its behaviour to variations of vehicle dynamics and uncertain road grade. To this aim, short-time linear quadratic form (STLQF) estimation technique is developed so as to track simultaneously the trend of the time-varying parameters of vehicle longitudinal dynamics with a small delay. These parameters are vehicle mass, road grade and aerodynamic drag-area coefficient. Next, the values of estimated parameters are used to tune the throttle and brake control inputs and to regulate the throttle/brake switching logic that governs the throttle and brake switching. The performance of the designed STLQF-based self-tuning control (STLQF-STC) algorithm for ACC system is compared with the conventional method based on fixed control structure regarding the speed/distance tracking control modes. Simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm improves the performance of throttle and brake controllers, providing more comfort while travelling, enhancing driving safety and giving a satisfactory performance in the presence of different payloads and road grade variations.     

黄骅港外航道骤淤量重现值的区间估计*

黄骅港外航道经常遭受大风骤淤的影响,对骤淤量重现值的研究有助于泥沙淤积整治标准的确定。重现值的点估计往往因方法的不同而产生较大差异。区间估计方法可以给出一定置信水平下设计重现值的参考区间,从而为设计和施工人员提供相应的指导。基于黄骅港年最大骤淤量的预测值序列,分别采用对数正态分布和最大熵分布函数对其进行拟合,并利用极大似然法对骤淤量重现值进行区间估计。骤淤量重现值的置信区间长度随重现期的增加而增大,最大熵分布计算结果精度较高,可为泥沙淤积的整治提供参考。     

Queue discharge patterns at signalized intersections with green signal countdown device and long cycle length

Two apparent features that prevail at signalized intersections in China are green signal countdown device and long cycle lengths. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of green signal countdown device and long cycle length on queue discharge patterns and to discuss its implications on capacity estimation in the context of China's traffic. At five typical large intersections in Shanghai and Tianjin, 11 through lanes were observed, and 9251 saturation headways were obtained as valid samples. Statistical analyses indicate that the discharge process of queuing vehicles can be divided into three distinct stages according to the discharge flow rate: a start‐up stage, a steady stage, and a rush stage. The average time for queuing vehicles to reach a stationary saturation flow rate, that is, the start‐up stage, was found to be approximately 20–30 seconds; the rush stage usually occurs during the phase transition period. The finding is contrary to the conventional assumption that the discharge rate reaches a maximum value after the fourth vehicle is discharged and then remains constant during the green time until the queue is completely dissolved. The capacity estimation errors that might arise from the conventional methods are discussed through a comparative study and a sensitivity analysis that are based on the identified queue discharge patterns. In addition, a piecewise linear regression method was proposed in order to reduce such errors. The proposed method can be used for capacity estimation at signalized intersections with the identified queue discharge patterns. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于空间自由设站连续传递法的地铁隧道控制测量新方法

针对目前地铁隧道地下导线网布设形式易受旁折光影响、控制点使用困难和横向贯通误差大等问题,提出一种基于空间自由设站连续传递法的地铁隧道控制测量新方法,将稳健抗差估计理论和方差分量估计理论综合用于设站点三维坐标复合迭代高精度定权,结合IGGIII权函数推导地铁隧道Helmert空间自由设站间接平差数学模型及其线性化误差方程的严密公式。地面1︰1模拟试验表明:所提方法的数学模型可以合理确定三类观测值的权比,同时能够抵抗导线点受施工环境影响所含的数据粗差对解算结果的影响;与全导线网、交叉导线网、棱形导线网对比,新方法横向贯通精度高、网形强度强,是一种更为有效实用的地铁隧道洞内控制测量方法,已在西安地铁6号线丈八四路站至丈八一路站区间隧道工程中推广应用。     

遗传算法在估计瞬时单位线参数中的应用

以m atlab为平台,应用遗传算法和m atlab工具箱中的统计函数,通过求解还原洪水过程与实测洪水过程之差绝对值的加权之和最小化问题来优化估计瞬时单位线的参数,避免了用近似公式法求解带来的方法误差.实例研究表明该方法是有效的,其精度明显高于矩法,也较近似公式法高.     

Background Extraction Method Based on Block Histogram Analysis for Video Image

Introduction Withtherapiddevelopmentofvideosurveillance systemwhichisbasedoncomputervisionandimage processing,ithasbeenwidelyusedinsuchareasas shoppingcenters,airports,commercialbuildings,and congestedroads.Inmanycases,thepurposeofvideo surveillanceistode…     

诱发电位潜伏期变化的相关平均估计方法

研究了诱发电位潜伏期变化的相关估计问题，提出了并分析了两种基于累加平均的改进方法，即平均相关法和相关平均法。