A Novel Approach to Vehicle Dynamics using the Theory of a Cosserat Point and its Application to Collision Analyses of Platooning Vehicles

A fully three-dimensional, computationally inexpensive vehicular model is presented. In contrast to traditional rigid body models, the vehicle's sprung mass is modeled as a (nonlinearly) deformable body. The formulation of the equations of motion is based on a continuum theory known as the theory of a Cosserat point. These equations largely preserve the relative simplicity of rigid body dynamics but incorporate deformable features. The ease of computer implementation permits the simultaneous simulation of vehicle and collision dynamics of multiple vehicles and highway objects. In this paper, the theory of a Cosserat point is summarized and its general application to vehicle and collision dynamics is illustrated. A three-dimensional collision algorithm is discussed with emphasis on small closing velocities (negligible residual crush, elastic rebound). The novel model is compared to standard procedures.     

To fully automate or not? Investigating demands and willingness to pay for autonomous vehicles based on automation levels

We review the literature on the motivators of consumers’ purchasing decisions regarding autonomous vehicles (AVs), focusing on environmental awareness, vehicle types, concerns about accidents, and merits. The willingness to buy (WTB) and willingness to pay (WTP) for AVs have been extensively studied. However, it is imperative to broaden the outlook and consolidate the existing knowledge base. Although the WTB and WTP for AVs have been studied, automation-level preferences have been underresearched. Based on more than 150,000 observations, we construct a choice model and calculate the WTP for each level of automation. Our results show that there is a disparity between people's WTB and WTP according to the automation level. In particular, we find that the coefficients regarding FAVs’ benefits and accidents significantly exceed those related to environmental concerns. Such results indicate that practical benefits and concerns influence AV demand and WTP to a greater extent than environmental awareness. Our model results indicate a disparity between WTB and WTP for AVs that mostly derives from the different types of environmental concerns, concerns about accidents, and perceived benefits from these automobiles. Our results urge policies according to which governments and companies closely examine consumers who exhibit WTB-WTP disparities. Issues relating to demand patterns, WTP, and a suitable policy framework are discussed.     

水声网络探测节点的一种运动目标参数估计算法

文章提出了一种水声网络探测节点的运动目标参数估计方法,即基于模型匹配原理的估计算法。给出了算法的原理和仿真分析。     

贺尔海枢纽立交方案比选

对贺尔海枢纽立交的方案比选设计进行了详细的介绍,希望能够为同类立交设计时提供技术借鉴。     

三种基于四元数模型的声矢量阵MUSIC算法

传统的基于长矢量模型的MUSIC算法没有充分利用矢量水听器各分量之间的正交特性,存在多目标分辨能力不足的缺点。针对这一情况,文中引入了四元数的概念,利用四元数能更好地描述矢量水听器各分量的正交结构这一优点,提出了三种基于四元数模型的二维声矢量阵方位估计算法:Q-VV算法、Q-PV算法和Q-PVV算法。与基于长矢量模型的MUSIC算法相比,新算法降低了协方差矩阵的维数,占用更少的内存空间。同时,由于利用了四元数强正交性约束的特点,新算法有好的单目标估计精度和多目标分辨能力。其中:Q-PV算法和Q-PVV算法利用了声压与振速的相干性,抗各向同性干扰的能力优于Q-VV算法。仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。     

拉索非线性振动参数敏感性分析及其频率区间估计

为准确把握拉索的动力学规律并指导工程应用,以拉索非线性振动理论(拉索自振频率的摄动法公式)为基础,以工程中常用的典型拉索为例,对拉索非线性自振频率的边界条件效应、参数敏感性以及区间估计方法进行研究.研究结果表明:拉索的边界条件效应随拉索长度、索力以及频率阶次的不同而不同;索力、线密度、弦长、抗弯刚度4个参数对于拉索各阶自振频率在影响程度、影响方式方面均存在显著差异,总体而言,自振频率偏差与索力和抗弯刚度2个参数的偏差成正比,与线密度和弦长2个参数的偏差成反比;根据拉索参数的概率统计特征能够获得拉索自振频率的区间估计.     

一种单脉冲末制导雷达抗质心干扰算法

为了提高单脉冲末制导雷达的抗质心干扰能力,结合信号到达方向（DOA）的极大似然估计法和卡尔曼滤波,提出了一种新的算法。首先,在假设目标和干扰数量、参数已知的情况下,建立雷达多次接收信号匹配滤波后跟踪回波附近的多个相邻采样点的似然函数。其次,计算得到目标和干扰信号DOA、延迟和功率的极大似然估计,并应用最小描述长度（MDL）准则判断目标和干扰数量。最后,设计了合适的卡尔曼滤波器用于正确跟踪目标。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

舰船风浪航行失速的估算方法

将舰船常用的在风浪中失速的估算方法概括为7种,比较了各种方法的普适性、精确性和局限性,以便使用者选用.     

Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

对等网络视频点播系统中的用户行为研究

随着p2p VoD业务的快速增长,用户行为对整个系统性能的影响也越来越明显.掌握用户行为特点对提高p2p网络带宽利用率、优化资源替代算法、调整服务器带宽分配策略等一系列问题有重要的指导意义.本文通过分析实测VoD系统中的用户日志数据,建立了数学模型描述用户观看行为.仿真结果表明,该模型能够较为准确的反映用户行为的统计特征,较为全面地刻画出整个VoD系统中用户行为的基本规律,为进一步研究VoD系统的服务性能提供了理论依据.