OFDM高速水声移动通信系统方案设计(英文)

The major constraint on the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) based underwater acoustic(UWA) communication is to keep subcarriers orthogonal.In this paper,Doppler estimation and the respective compensation technique along with various diversity techniques were deliberated for OFDM-based systems best suited for underwater wireless information exchange.In practice,for mobile communication,adjustment and tuning of transducers in order to get spatial diversity is extremely difficult.Considering the relatively low coherence bandwidth in UWA,the frequency diversity design with the Doppler compensation function was elaborated here.The outfield experiments of mobile underwater acoustic communication(UWAC) based on OFDM were carried out with 0.17 bit/(sHz) spectral efficiency.The validity and the dependability of the scheme were also analyzed.     

垂直相关仪测量高速目标深度的仿真分析

高速运动目标产生结构振动噪声,其多普勒效应对相关信号处理的参数估计造成影响。双阵元垂直相关仪主要测量目标俯仰角,并对目标深度进行估计。由带通型限带白噪声的相关特性分析,推导了多普勒容限的理论计算公式,在积分时间较短的条件下可避免互相关损失。浅海多途信道将导致相关峰出现多峰现象,沿深度方向高速运动目标有助于抑制交叉峰。仿真结果表明,信号多普勒容限与理论分析一致,垂直相关仪的时域相关峰结构与实际目标及其界面镜像空间分布规律一致,因而有利于识别直达声信号,且目标深度测量误差控制在10 m内。     

水下传感器网络中的分布式参数估计算法

水下无线传感器网络的主要应用都可以归结为参数估计问题。由于其能量和带宽的限制,设计能量高效的参数估计算法,是水下无线传感器网络中信号处理研究领域的核心任务。针对多跳水下无线传感器网络,提出了一种基于压缩数据的分布式参数估计算法。仿真试验表明,该算法具有较高的能量利用率和一定的鲁棒性,而且均方误差性能相比已有的分布式参数估计算法也得到了大幅的提高。     

Refined parameter and uncertainty estimation when both variables are subject to error. Case study: estimation of Si consumption and regeneration rates in a marine environment

The problem of estimating parameters and their uncertainty from experimental measurements in marine ecosystems is a common task and often necessitates solving nonlinear equations. If the measurements are subject to individually varying errors (i.e., heteroscedastic data), the parameters are often estimated using a Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method. For estimating the parameter uncertainties, a linearized expression for the covariance matrix exists. Yet, both methods assume that the errors on the independent variable, also called “input”, is negligible, which is often not true. For instance, in order to determine uptake and regeneration rates of silicic acid by phytoplankton, concentration and isotopic abundance measurements are performed at the beginning (input) and at the end (output) of an incubation experiment. Here, the so-called input and output are measurements of the same quantities, i.e., determined in exactly the same way, only differing by the time at which the measurements were performed. Clearly, there is no reason to assume that the input measurements are subject to less error than the output measurements. We propose a refinement of the two abovementioned estimation methods which enlarges their applicability to cases where input noise is not negligible. The refined methods are evaluated on the uptake and regeneration processes of silicic acid and compared to the original procedures using Monte-Carlo simulations. The results reveal a smaller bias for the refined WLS estimator compared with the original one. An additional advantage of using the refined WLS cost function is that its residual value can be interpreted as a sample from a χ² distribution. This property is especially useful because it enables an internal quality control of the results. In addition, the parameter uncertainty estimation is significantly improved. By neglecting the effect of the input noise, a (potentially) important origin of the parameter variation is simply ignored. Therefore, without the refinement, the parameter uncertainties are systematically underestimated. Using the refined method, this systematic error disappears and on the whole, the parameter standard deviations are accurately estimated.     

奇异值分解在设备振动激励力估算中的应用

设备对船体基座的振动激励力是舰船结构振动、自噪声和辐射噪声的主要来源，而激励力间接估算时常会碰到病态问题，导致病态误差。讨论导纳矩阵求逆时病态问题的易发频率、奇异值分解方法、奇异阈值选取等，并讨论奇异值分解技术降低病态误差的实际算例。实验证明奇异值分解技术解决激励力间接估算时的病态问题有效率达到82％，可以满足工程应用需求。奇异阈值的选取技术还不够完善，在某些频率处取值过小而导致病态误差未能受到控制。从理论、实验两方面证实了应用间接方法估算设备对基座的激励力时，病态问题在基座模态频率处显然比其它频率严重。结论对激励力间接算法工程应用有明确的指导意义。     

A procedure for estimating transit subsidization requirements for developing countries

The paper presents a procedure that has been developed for estimating subsidization requirements for urban transit services in developing countries. The procedure is based on a subsidization policy of reducing transport expenditure burden on the average commuter, by maintaining his transport expenditure-income ratio at a reasonable level. It is designed for both regulated and deregulated transport markets. It requires, as input, historical data (previous year) on fare, productivity, and load factor for the transport service or mode concerned, the transport expenditure-income ratio distribution of the commuters, and the current level of commuter personal transport allowance. It is based on the premise that transport expenditure-income ratio is inversely related to income. The subsidization formula developed in the paper yields a level of subsidy that is commensurate with the level of control a government is able to exercise over transit operations.     

应用《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》编制设计概算探析

此文探讨建设工程设计阶段采用工程量清单计价法编制设计概算的必要性,分析清单计价法与定额计价法在计算规则、取费标准、计算程序等方面的差别,并对设计阶段如何应用清单计价法编制概算做了重点论述,对概算编制工作具有很强的指导意义。     

利用DOA和TOA对运动辐射源的单舰无源定位

采用最优加权最小二乘估计和卡尔曼滤波算法,讨论了利用目标到达角和到达时间测量数据对运动目标进行单舰无源定位与跟踪的方法,经计算机仿真证明,该方法在无源定位系统中有一定的参考价值。     

浅议合理编制城市轨道交通工程投资估算

城轨交通工程是一项复杂的系统工程,专业多、涉及面广、投资大.在可行性研究阶段如何合理编制出比较准确的投资估算,此文根据《城市轨道交通工程项目建设标准》规定的投资估算的组成,就编制和控制投资估算的重点和难点进行分析.通过分析与研究,提出合理编制投资估算可采取的方法和措施,以保证所编制投资估算符合工程实际及其准确性。     

故障录波装置在电力牵引网的应用

介绍了一种能够满足电力牵引网特殊要求的通用型故障录波装置,该装置能区分电力牵引网和普通电力系统输电线路故障,并具有故障测距和电能质量分析和记录功能。文章对装置的硬件结构、算法和主要功能、技术指标等作了分析。