铁路勘察机载激光雷达的应用及关键问题研究

研究目的:机载激光雷达技术作为一项新型航空测量技术,在国内外多个行业内已经得到了较为广泛的应用研究。但是现阶段各行业内,包括应用于铁路勘察方面,尚未形成成熟的应用模式。因此,一方面加深新技术在铁路勘察中的应用研究,另一方面在推动新技术发展应用的同时,及时加深梳理过程中发现关键问题都是十分必要的。研究结论:通过对激光雷达在工程应用过程中发现的几个关键问题分析认为:认真总结工程实例,确定机载激光雷达传感器在我国地形条件下的参数设置;结合具体工程,熟练掌握适合于铁路应用的点云分类方法与标准;通过本文提到的机载激光雷达成果精度的验证方法完成对机载激光雷达成果的精度验证;在工程应用前将基于UTM系统下的机载激光雷达观测成果通过投影转换纳入工程坐标系获取地理信息成果是能够满足铁路勘察设计、施工需要的。     

对地观测技术在铁路勘测设计中的应用

研究目的:长期以来,虽然对地观测技术在我国铁路勘测设计中发挥了重要的作用,但是,当新的对地观测技术取得了突飞猛进发展的时候,其在我国铁路勘测设计中的应用却出现相对滞后,目前,中国铁路已经步入高速时代,针对最新的对地观测技术发展,铁路工程技术人员必须找到适合我国铁路勘测设计新的工艺流程和技术突破点。研究结论:针对目前最新对地观测技术发展态势,铁路勘测设计人员一方面要继续挖掘既有对地观测技术和资料的应用潜力,也要对数码航空摄影、机载激光雷达、高分辨率卫星影像数据等最新的对地观测技术和成果加大研究、应用力度。对地观测技术既可应用于国家基础测绘,也可广泛应用于铁路地形图测绘、铁路线路选线设计、铁道工程地质勘测、铁路环境评价等领域。     

中隔墙(CRD)法斜下穿既有高速公路分离式隧道施工技术

新建贵广铁路四寨二号隧道下穿厦蓉高速公路瑞坡隧道,是在具有不均匀动荷载的浅埋围岩中修建大断面铁路隧道,确保施工过程中隧道上部行车的安全,是施工中的一大难题。对下穿过程中采用中隔墙(CRD)法施工取得成功的经验进行介绍。     

华盛顿地铁考察及对我国地铁建设的借鉴

通过对华盛顿地铁的实地考察,详细介绍华盛顿地铁的线路、车站的特点,阐述其在设计、运营、服务、节能等方面的主要理念以及实际措施,分析主要优缺点,并且对我国未来地铁的建设和运营提供建议。     

Potentials of using social media to infer the longitudinal travel behavior: A sequential model-based clustering method

This study explores the possibility of employing social media data to infer the longitudinal travel behavior. The geo-tagged social media data show some unique features including location-aggregated features, distance-separated features, and Gaussian distributed features. Compared to conventional household travel survey, social media data is less expensive, easier to obtain and the most importantly can monitor the individual’s longitudinal travel behavior features over a much longer observation period. This paper proposes a sequential model-based clustering method to group the high-resolution Twitter locations and extract the Twitter displacements. Further, this study details the unique features of displacements extracted from Twitter including the demographics of Twitter user, as well as the advantages and limitations. The results are even compared with those from traditional household travel survey, showing promises in using displacement distribution, length, duration and start time to infer individual’s travel behavior. On this basis, one can also see the potential of employing social media to infer longitudinal travel behavior, as well as a large quantity of short-distance Twitter displacements. The results will supplement the traditional travel survey and support travel behavior modeling in a metropolitan area.     

关于山区高速外业勘察中若干问题的探讨

近几年来,我国山区高速建设里程日益增加.因受复杂地形、地质条件的限制,山区高速的外业勘察具有其独有的关键技术难点,应在普通建设条件下的作业内容、作业方式的基础上,采取针对性的对策措施,确保外勘资料满足设计需求.     

高职学生顶岗实习:现状、问题与对策——基于广州番禺职业技术学院2012届毕业生顶岗实习的调研与分析

通过调研发现:当前高职生顶岗实习存在实习协议难以全面签订、部分学生频繁流动、教学目标偏离异化、轮岗实习较难实现、学校实习管理不够精细、学生权益保障不力等问题。为了解决这些问题,同时提出了相应的建议和对策。     

Time use in travel surveys and time use surveys – Two sides of the same coin?

An in-depth understanding of travel behaviour determinants, including the relationship to non-travel activities, is the foundation for modelling and policy making. National Travel Surveys (NTS) and time use surveys (TUS) are two major data sources for travel behaviour and activity participation. The aim of this paper is to systematically compare both survey types regarding travel activities and non-travel activities. The analyses are based on the German National Travel Survey and the German National Time Use Survey from 2002.The number of trips and daily travel time for mobile respondents were computed as the main travel estimates. The number of trips per person is higher in the German TUS when changes in location without a trip are included. Location changes without a trip are consecutive non-trip activities with different locations but without a trip in-between. The daily travel time is consistently higher in the German TUS. The main reason for this difference is the 10-min interval used. Differences in travel estimates between the German TUS and NTS result from several interaction effects. Activity time in NTS is comparable with TUS for subsistence activities.Our analyses confirm that both survey types have advantages and disadvantages. TUS provide reliable travel estimates. The number of trips even seems preferable to NTS if missed trips are properly identified and considered. Daily travel times are somewhat exaggerated due to the 10-min interval. The fixed time interval is the most important limitation of TUS data. The result is that trip times in TUS do not represent actual trip times very well and should be treated with caution.We can use NTS activity data for subsistence activities between the first trip and the last trip. This can potentially benefit activity-based approaches since most activities before the first trip and after the last trip are typical home-based activities which are rarely substituted by out-of-home activities.     

车辆牌照信息调查法在公路OD调查中的应用

分析停车问询调查法和车辆牌照信息调查法在公路OD调查中的优缺点,结合浙江省两次全省公路OD调查的实际经验,指出公路OD调查自动化和常态化的发展方向.     

多点后方交会法在地铁竖井联系测量中的应用

竖井联系测量工作的可操作性及准确性对矿山法隧道施工至关重要.以广州市轨道交通21号线某标段2号隧道为研究对象,基于施工竖井结构及现场环境的特殊性,对用于辅助测量的4根钢丝距离和角度进行观测,再利用多点后方交会及钢丝坐标传递原理实现井上和井下坐标传递.研究表明,在隧道开挖至40～60 m、100～150 m、贯通前150...