五路环形交叉口交通量卡片调查法

为了系统而简便地获取5路环形交叉口分流向的交通量,在分析传统的记录车牌号法和交织断面调查法的基础上,设计了针对5路环形交叉口交通量的卡片调查法。调查方法为利用不同颜色的卡片标记从某一进口流向其他出口的抽样车辆,计算右转交通量的理论比例;记录所有进出口交通量和右转交通量,得到右转交通量的实际比例。根据调查量求解约束方程,可得到各进口分流向的交通量。以南京市新庄立交为例,运用该方法调查,计算底层平面环形交叉口各进口分流向的交通量。结果表明,在抽样率为5％时,右转交通量理论比例与实际比例的最大误差为9．16％。     

城市公交客流调查数据修正方法研究

城市公交客流调查数据是进行城市公交系统规划和管理的重要依据,主要包括乘客到达率和下车率、上下车人数两个方面内容。在现有修正方法的基础上,对乘客到达率和下车率采用三次样条插值法修正．对上下车人数采用“推位移”法进行修正,经镇江市4路公交车调查数据应用实践。实践表明修正方法可行。     

横张预应力砼研究工作综述

概要介绍了横张预应力砼的施工方法、原理及现有研究工作 .研究和实践表明横张预应力砼在保持常规后张预应力砼良好的力学特性的条件下 ,能明显节省钢材、简化工艺、提高工效 ,具有很好的技术经济效益     

我国水运工程测量技术现状及展望

依据《水运工程测量规范》以及现实水运工程测量服务内容首次对水运工程测量进行了详细分类,该分类涵盖了水运工程测量所能提供服务的全部内容,并根据此分类对水运工程测量现阶段的理论发展和应用技术手段状况进行了详细分析,同其他领域中的测绘水平进行了比较分析,综合评价了水运工程测量在现代测绘领域中发展的技术水平和地位。根据目前水运工程测量的实际服务能力指出了水运工程测量行业存在的问题,并就测绘理论和技术手段的发展,针对水运工程测量的特点和今后水运工程发展的实际要求,对水运工程测量的发展方向进行了预测。     

鲁中山区公路岩石路堑边坡植被自然恢复初步调查

为探讨公路岩石路堑边坡植被的自然恢复效果,为山区公路边坡防护设计和植被恢复设计提供参考,调查了鲁中山区的6条省道和2条国道,得到了边坡的岩石类别、风化程度,以及边坡的建设年限、坡度、坡高和边坡植被的覆盖度与优势物种,并简要分析了植被自然恢复的原因。初步结果显示:(1)花岗岩、闪长岩边坡的植被自然恢复效果远好于石灰岩边坡;(2)黄背草、荩草等为花岗岩和闪长岩边坡的优势物种,而荆条、酸枣等为石灰岩边坡的优势物种。建议:(1)对稳定的花岗岩和闪长岩边坡宜采用不妨碍植被生长的防护型式,实现植被的自然恢复;(2)对石灰岩边坡,宜采用岩石裸露处理,并穴栽灌木进行美化;(3)高速公路建设资金充裕不应成为随意扩大边坡工程防护的理由,将边坡植被自然恢复的理念应用到高速公路边坡设计中非常重要。     

混凝土箱梁钢筋保护层厚度问题研究

为了了解目前我国预应力混凝土连续箱梁的钢筋保护层厚度的实际情况,对结构的计算检验提供参考,以对预应力混凝土连续箱梁的调查为工程背景,采用现场调查方法对箱梁钢筋保护层厚度问题进行了研究。调查研究得到了混凝土箱梁桥钢筋保护层超标数量在箱梁横截面上的概率分布,并得出了不同施工方法对箱梁钢筋保护层厚度的影响。     

高速公路运输量研究

提出了高速公路运输量的统计方法,并以南京—上海高速公路为例,首次统计了中国高速公路的客运量、货运量、客运周转量、货运周转量以及客、货运输密度。研究表明:在南京—上海通道内,高速公路和铁路起着同样的关键作用;货运方面,高速公路和铁路运送货物价值相差很大,两者是互补性的,客运方面,高速公路客运量中个性化出行与铁路是互补性的,而群体性出行与铁路是替代性的。对高速公路上运行的车辆状况进行了分析,指出货运量主要是由四轴的半挂列车和两轴的单车完成的。客运中个性化出行的乘客占40%,车数占88%。     

Auction-based tolling systems in a connected and automated vehicles environment: Public opinion and implications for toll revenue and capacity utilization

Autonomous and connected vehicles are expected to enable new tolling mechanisms, such as auction-based tolls, for allocating the limited roadway capacity. This research examines the public perception of futuristic auction-based tolling systems, with a focus on the public acceptance of such systems over current tolling practices on highways (e.g., dynamic and fixed tolling methodologies). Through a stated-preference survey, responses from 159 road-users residing in Virginia are elicited to understand route choice behavior under a descending price auction implemented on a hypothetical two-route network. Analysis of the survey data shows that there is no outright rejection of the presented auction-based tolling among those who are familiar with the current tolling methods. While males strongly support the new method, no clear pattern emerges among other demographic variables such as income and education level, and age. While high income respondents and regular commuters are more likely to pay higher tolls, no statistical significance between different genders, age groups, household sizes, and education levels is found. Based on the modeling results and the hypothetical road network, it is found that descending price tolling method yields higher average toll rates, and generates at least 70% more revenue when travel time saving is 30 min, and improves capacity utilization of the toll road significantly compared to fixed tolls.     

三维物探船稳性优化设计

三维物探船因上层建筑面积大、重心位置高,其稳性问题是设计过程中需解决的重要问题。文章以国内首艘完全自主设计的6缆三维物探调查船为例,介绍其稳性优化设计方面的经验。首先对三维物探调查船的特点进行介绍;然后介绍总体布置优化、空船重量重心的控制对稳性的影响;最后分别就完整稳性和破舱稳性的计算特点及优化方法进行分析。该文总结了三维物探调查船的稳性特点和注意事项,为今后设计工作提供指导。     

Freight transportation demand: A survey of recent econometric studies

This paper surveys econometric studies of freight transportation demand which have been published since the mid-1970s. It describes the variables, data sources, and estimation procedures utilized by the studies. In addition, it summarizes their statistical results. The studies included in this survey typically accounted for freight rates and service characteristics (e.g., transit time and reliability). Data sources often varied across the studies.Based on the data they utilized, the surveyed studies are classified as either aggregate or disaggregate. The data in the aggregate studies consist of information on total flows by modes at the regional or national level, while the data in the disaggregate studies pertain to individual shipments. The earlier aggregate studies estimated linear logit models. It has been pointed out that when they are estimated on aggregate data these models are subject to certain shortcomings. To avoid these shortcomings, more recent aggregate studies have estimated flexible forms such as translog functions. The disaggregate studies surveyed in this paper used either logit or probit models.Statistical results often varied with the commodities analyzed, making it somewhat difficult to generalize the findings of the different studies. One finding common to several studies is that freight rates have a significant impact on shipment decisions. This paper discusses certain theoretical and empirical limitations of the surveyed studies. It also offers suggestions for future research in freight transport demand. Freight demand models can be used to examine various effects of the recent deregulation in freight transportation.