冰雪、大雾天气下交通安全保障设施应用研究

文章分析了冰雪、大雾天气的特点及其对道路行车安全的影响,探讨了冰雪、大雾天气下的交通安全保障措施,并对各种交通安全保障设施的设置进行了优化研究,为不良气候条件下的道路交通安全设计、评价提供技术依据。     

船闸水位与水位差值激光检测系统的原理与实践

介绍了激光水位测量的基本原理和实施的方法,对系统组成、硬件配置、软件功能及实际检测数据进行了比较和验证。应用现代激光测距技术对原韩庄二线船闸的水位测量系统进行升级改造,取得了较理想的效果。     

旧城区停车问题研究及解决思路

虽然近年来停车设施建设取得较快发展,但与日益增长的停车需求相比,停车设施建设速度仍显滞后。分析了现状停车存在的问题,主要为机动车发展与停车设施供给之间的矛盾,且停车管理方面也存在改善空间。针对以上问题提出了相关解决思路,包括停车规划、建设、管理一体化,采用区域差异化的停车供给模式,扩大停车供给与提高停车利用率相结合,以及停车设施建设的机械化和信息化。     

Development of a simulation platform for safety impact analysis considering vehicle dynamics,sensor errors,and communication latencies: Assessing cooperative adaptive cruise control under cyber attack

While safety is one of the most critical contributions of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), it is impractical to assess such impacts in a real world. Even with simulation, many factors including vehicle dynamics, sensor errors, automated vehicle control algorithms and crash severity need to be properly modeled. In this paper, a simulation platform is proposed which explicitly features: (i) vehicle dynamics; (ii) sensor errors and communication delays; (iii) compatibility with CACC controllers; (iv) state-of-the-art predecessor leader following (PLF) based cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) controller; and (v) ability to quantify crash severity and CACC stability. The proposed simulation platform evaluated the CACC performance under normal and cybersecurity attack scenarios using speed variation, headway ratio, and injury probability. The first two measures of effectiveness (MOEs) represent the stability of CACC platoon while the injury probability quantifies the severity of a crash. The proposed platform can evaluate the safety performance of CACC controllers of interest under various paroxysmal or extreme events. It is particularly useful when traditional empirical driver models are not applicable. Such situations include, but are not limited to, cyber-attacks, sensor failures, and heterogeneous traffic conditions. The proposed platform is validated against data collected from real field tests and tested under various cyber-attack scenarios.     

Temperature Measurements and Tail Brush Replacement using Frozen Liquid Nitrogen for the Nanjing Weisanlu Tunnel北大核心CSCD

A scheme for stopping water by freezing liquid nitrogen and replacing the tail brush is presented in light of the situation encountered at the Nanjing Weisanlu river-crossing tunnel, a long-distance shield driving tunnel characterized by serious water leakage, sand gushing and water inflow at the shield tail brush. The law of the tempera-ture change of the master outlet circuits and each branch circuit when using liquid nitrogen freezing to stop water un-der high water pressures and the temperature change law for the soil body at different depths are analyzed. The re-sults show that: the temperature difference of the liquid nitrogen is large at the inlet and outlet of the freezing pipe,and it reaches around 35℃ after 6 days; the temperature drops fastest in the pebble layer, and the second fastest in the gravel sand layer, with the temperature cooling slowest in the silty fine sand layer; the average velocities at the frontal surface of the frozen soil in the pebble layer, gravel sand layer and silty fine sand layer are 15.5 cm/d, 12.5 cm/d and 8.3 cm/d, respectively, within the range 600 mm away from the frozen pipe; and affected by heat and air convection in the tunnel, the temperature at the junction of the segment and soil is higher than that in the soil layer.A complete frozen wall takes shape after 13 days of liquid nitrogen freezing, and tail brush replacement takes 22 days from freezing. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles offer low-cost climate benefits in China

Car ownership in China is expected to grow dramatically in the coming decades. If growing personal vehicle demand is met with conventional cars, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions will be substantial. One way to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from passenger travel is to meet growing demand for cars with alternative vehicles such as hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles (HEVs and BEVs). Our study examines the cost-effectiveness of transitioning from conventional cars to HEVs and BEVs, by calculating their marginal abatement cost (MAC) of carbon in the long-run. We find that transitioning from conventional to hybrid and battery electric light-duty, four-wheel vehicles can achieve carbon emissions reductions at a negative cost (i.e. at a net benefit) in China. In 2030, the average MAC is estimated to be about −$140/ton CO₂ for HEVs and −$515/ton CO₂-saved for BEVs, varying by key parameters. The total mitigation potential of each vehicle technology is estimated to be 1.38 million tons for HEVs and 0.75 million tons for BEVs.     

船用LNG移动燃料罐箱的安全放散系统研究设计

本文简要介绍了上海航盛船舶设计有限公司自主研发设计的新加坡首艘LNG/柴油双燃料动力港作拖轮的LNG移动燃料罐箱系统的设计背景及其主要性能参数,主要叙述了该项目LNG燃料移动燃料储罐的装载极限及其安全放散系统的关键技术的研究设计。     

长江下游感潮河段造床流量计算研究

针对长江下游大通至长江口的感潮河段,借助潮流数学模型,计算造床流量,研究其特点及变化规律。研究表明:计算感潮河段造床流量时,流量输沙率法使用方便,计算结果较为合理;对于天生港以上河段,存在两个造床流量,而对于徐六泾以下河段,则存在一个造床流量群;大通至仪征河段的造床流量沿程变化较少,自仪征开始造床流量沿程逐渐提高,主要应与纳潮量沿程增加有关。     

疏浚土长距离管道输送技术在环保疏浚工程中的应用

滇池草海清淤工程疏浚区域分为3个片区,疏浚面积70万m2,工程量220万m3,输送距离8～15 km。针对输泥路径上的场地限制问题,进行了长距离输送方法的分析及研讨,结合施工现场实际情况,决定采用接力泵输送方法,实现了长距、高效输送疏浚土。     

护拱回填暗挖法隧道支护结构安全性评价

文章依托九景衢铁路荆生坞隧道工程,介绍了护拱回填暗挖法的施工步序,利用弹性理论推导了护拱与初期支护拱部的围岩荷载分担比例计算公式,采用极限平衡理论建立了边墙处围岩受力模型,推导了初期支护边墙附加围岩压力计算公式,最后通过建立荷载-结构模型,计算了护拱和初期支护的内力、安全系数,评价了护拱和初期支护安全性。结果表明:初期支护围岩荷载分担比例与护拱和初期支护的弹性模量、厚度有关,荆生坞隧道初期支护围岩荷载分担系数约为30%;护拱拱脚竖向压力导致边墙上部围岩沿破裂面滑动,对初期支护边墙上部产生一个水平向的附加围岩压力;九景衢铁路荆生坞隧道护拱回填暗挖段护拱和初期支护均处于安全状态,初期支护安全性随围岩荷载分担系数的增大而略有降低。