我国新能源汽车发展现状及战略研究

文章针对国内外新能源汽车的发展现状,提出了适合我国现阶段的节能汽车与新能源汽车并重的双重发展战略,并阐述了该战略的实施步骤及预期目标。     

Mainstream consumers driving plug-in battery-electric and plug-in hybrid electric cars: A qualitative analysis of responses and evaluations

Plug-in electric vehicles can potentially emit substantially lower CO₂ emissions than internal combustion engine vehicles, and so have the potential to reduce transport emissions without curtailing personal car use. Assessing the potential uptake of these new categories of vehicles requires an understanding of likely consumer responses. Previous in-depth explorations of appraisals and evaluations of electric vehicles have tended to focus on ‘early adopters’, who may not represent mainstream consumers. This paper reports a qualitative analysis of responses to electric cars, based on semi-structured interviews conducted with 40 UK non-commercial drivers (20 males, 20 females; age 24-70 years) at the end of a seven-day period of using a battery electric car (20 participants) or a plug-in hybrid car (20 participants). Six core categories of response were identified: (1) cost minimisation; (2) vehicle confidence; (3) vehicle adaptation demands; (4) environmental beliefs; (5) impression management; and, underpinning all other categories, (6) the perception of electric cars generally as ‘work in progress’ products. Results highlight potential barriers to the uptake of current-generation (2010) plug-in electric cars by mainstream consumers. These include the prioritization of personal mobility needs over environmental benefits, concerns over the social desirability of electric vehicle use, and the expectation that rapid technological and infrastructural developments will make current models obsolete. Implications for the potential uptake of future electric vehicles are discussed.     

Development of a simulation platform for safety impact analysis considering vehicle dynamics,sensor errors,and communication latencies: Assessing cooperative adaptive cruise control under cyber attack

While safety is one of the most critical contributions of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), it is impractical to assess such impacts in a real world. Even with simulation, many factors including vehicle dynamics, sensor errors, automated vehicle control algorithms and crash severity need to be properly modeled. In this paper, a simulation platform is proposed which explicitly features: (i) vehicle dynamics; (ii) sensor errors and communication delays; (iii) compatibility with CACC controllers; (iv) state-of-the-art predecessor leader following (PLF) based cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) controller; and (v) ability to quantify crash severity and CACC stability. The proposed simulation platform evaluated the CACC performance under normal and cybersecurity attack scenarios using speed variation, headway ratio, and injury probability. The first two measures of effectiveness (MOEs) represent the stability of CACC platoon while the injury probability quantifies the severity of a crash. The proposed platform can evaluate the safety performance of CACC controllers of interest under various paroxysmal or extreme events. It is particularly useful when traditional empirical driver models are not applicable. Such situations include, but are not limited to, cyber-attacks, sensor failures, and heterogeneous traffic conditions. The proposed platform is validated against data collected from real field tests and tested under various cyber-attack scenarios.     

船用LNG移动燃料罐箱的安全放散系统研究设计

本文简要介绍了上海航盛船舶设计有限公司自主研发设计的新加坡首艘LNG/柴油双燃料动力港作拖轮的LNG移动燃料罐箱系统的设计背景及其主要性能参数,主要叙述了该项目LNG燃料移动燃料储罐的装载极限及其安全放散系统的关键技术的研究设计。     

Hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles offer low-cost climate benefits in China

Car ownership in China is expected to grow dramatically in the coming decades. If growing personal vehicle demand is met with conventional cars, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions will be substantial. One way to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from passenger travel is to meet growing demand for cars with alternative vehicles such as hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles (HEVs and BEVs). Our study examines the cost-effectiveness of transitioning from conventional cars to HEVs and BEVs, by calculating their marginal abatement cost (MAC) of carbon in the long-run. We find that transitioning from conventional to hybrid and battery electric light-duty, four-wheel vehicles can achieve carbon emissions reductions at a negative cost (i.e. at a net benefit) in China. In 2030, the average MAC is estimated to be about −$140/ton CO₂ for HEVs and −$515/ton CO₂-saved for BEVs, varying by key parameters. The total mitigation potential of each vehicle technology is estimated to be 1.38 million tons for HEVs and 0.75 million tons for BEVs.     

疏浚土长距离管道输送技术在环保疏浚工程中的应用

滇池草海清淤工程疏浚区域分为3个片区,疏浚面积70万m2,工程量220万m3,输送距离8～15 km。针对输泥路径上的场地限制问题,进行了长距离输送方法的分析及研讨,结合施工现场实际情况,决定采用接力泵输送方法,实现了长距、高效输送疏浚土。     

长江下游感潮河段造床流量计算研究

针对长江下游大通至长江口的感潮河段,借助潮流数学模型,计算造床流量,研究其特点及变化规律。研究表明:计算感潮河段造床流量时,流量输沙率法使用方便,计算结果较为合理;对于天生港以上河段,存在两个造床流量,而对于徐六泾以下河段,则存在一个造床流量群;大通至仪征河段的造床流量沿程变化较少,自仪征开始造床流量沿程逐渐提高,主要应与纳潮量沿程增加有关。     

Temperature Measurements and Tail Brush Replacement using Frozen Liquid Nitrogen for the Nanjing Weisanlu Tunnel北大核心CSCD

A scheme for stopping water by freezing liquid nitrogen and replacing the tail brush is presented in light of the situation encountered at the Nanjing Weisanlu river-crossing tunnel, a long-distance shield driving tunnel characterized by serious water leakage, sand gushing and water inflow at the shield tail brush. The law of the tempera-ture change of the master outlet circuits and each branch circuit when using liquid nitrogen freezing to stop water un-der high water pressures and the temperature change law for the soil body at different depths are analyzed. The re-sults show that: the temperature difference of the liquid nitrogen is large at the inlet and outlet of the freezing pipe,and it reaches around 35℃ after 6 days; the temperature drops fastest in the pebble layer, and the second fastest in the gravel sand layer, with the temperature cooling slowest in the silty fine sand layer; the average velocities at the frontal surface of the frozen soil in the pebble layer, gravel sand layer and silty fine sand layer are 15.5 cm/d, 12.5 cm/d and 8.3 cm/d, respectively, within the range 600 mm away from the frozen pipe; and affected by heat and air convection in the tunnel, the temperature at the junction of the segment and soil is higher than that in the soil layer.A complete frozen wall takes shape after 13 days of liquid nitrogen freezing, and tail brush replacement takes 22 days from freezing. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

浅层真空预压法在加固新吹填粉土及粉质黏土地基中的应用

对浅层真空预压法加固后的软土地基加固效果进行分析,结果表明,在插板期地表产生较大的沉降,插密板短板可以达到较快加固吹填土层的效果;加固后软土地基土层含水量、孔隙比降低,地基承载力提高,可初步满足建设场地的需要。说明浅层真空预压法对吹填粉土及粉质黏土地基的加固是有效的,浅层真空预压法对于处理有较厚吹填土层的软土地基是比较成功的,可在类似的工程中应用。     

基于线路参数变化的双端行波故障测距研究

通过考虑线路参数的变化,提出了一种双端行波故障测距算法,该算法利用双端行波故障测距装置本身在区外线路故障时,在线测量波速,通过小波变换对初始行波波头实现可靠拾取.通过仿真计算验证,本算法所测故障测距结果稳定、可靠,能够满足现场运行的需要.