高铁CRTSⅡ型轨道板生产线预应力损失测试

CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道板的质量是高铁安全运行的重要保证,对施工中预应力张拉的有效控制是保证轨道板施工质量的关键。结合CRTSII型无砟轨道板生产线具体结构形式及预应力损失机理,设计了预应力损失现场测试方案和预应力损失计算方法。实测结果表明CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道板生产线预应力损失不能忽略,应引起重视。     

城市道路交通噪声污染经济损失及评估

文章应用市场估值法、享乐价格法和意愿调查价值评估法对城市道路交通噪声经济损失的货币化进行分析,并以北京市为例,计算评估了城市道路交通噪声带来的经济损失。     

多腔穿孔型宽频消声器声学特性的理论计算与优化

多腔穿孔型消声器可衰减涡轮增压发动机进气系统工作时产生的宽频噪声。本文根据将多腔消声器视为若干单腔消声元件串联而成的思路,结合单腔穿孔声阻抗模型,提出多腔消声器的声学计算方法,并以某多腔穿孔消声器为例,预测其传递损失。实验验证表明该计算方法在计算传递损失方面具有较高的精度。然后在此基础上,设定优化目标,选定3种不同优化变量的组合模式,采用非线性最小二乘法进行优化。结果表明,不同优化模式均可满足目标要求,可灵活地确定符合工程实际的最佳方案。所提出的方法可为增压发动机进气系统声学设计提供理论支撑和应用指导。     

浅谈降低低噪声电站功率损耗的措施

介绍了几种降低低噪声电站功率损耗的措施,以使电站输出功率最大化。     

发动机进气系统噪声优化设计（续1）

为探讨进气系统对整车NVH性能的贡献度,文章通过管道声学理论在内燃机进气系统上的应用研究,实现了进气系统开发及噪声优化设计工作。以某2.4 L自然吸气车型的进气系统开发项目为研究案例,结合四负载法,对进气系统声源特性进行提取;整合整车消声室测试方法,通过加装空气滤清器、赫姆霍兹消声器及1/4波长管等抗性消声元件解决了进气系统噪声问题;通过试验,验证了四负载法结合声阻抗性消声元件设计优化方法的有效性。     

多阶底部上的垂直可渗透结构斜海洋波的阻尼研究(英文)

Oblique ocean wave damping by a vertical porous structure placed on a multi-step bottom topography is studied with the help of linear water wave theory. Some portion of the oblique wave, incident on the porous structure, gets reflected by the multi-step bottom and the porous structure, and the rest propagates into the water medium following the porous structure. Two cases are considered: first a solid vertical wall placed at a finite distance from the porous structure in the water medium following the porous structure and then a special case of an unbounded water medium following the porous structure. In both cases, boundary value problems are set up in three different media, the first medium being water, the second medium being the porous structure consisting of p vertical regions-one above each step and the third medium being water again. By using the matching conditions along the virtualvertical boundaries, a system of linear equations is deduced. The behavior of the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave due to different relevant parameters are studied. Energy loss due to the propagation of oblique water wave through the porous structure is also carried out. The effects of various parameters, such as number of evanescent modes, porosity, friction factor, structure width, number of steps and angle of incidence, on the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted wave are studied graphically for both cases. Number of evanescent modes merely affects the scattering phenomenon. But higher values of porosity show relatively lower reflection than that for lower porosity. Oscillation in the reflection coefficient is observed for lower values of friction factor but it disappears with an increase in the value of friction factor. Amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave is independent of the porosity of the structure. But lower value of friction factor causes higher transmission. The investigation is then carried out for the second case, i.e., when the wall is absent. The significant difference between the two cases considered here is that the reflection due to a thin porous structure is very high when the solid wall exists as compared to the case when no wall is present. Energy loss due to different porosity, friction factor, structure width and angle of incidence is also examined. Validity of our model is ascertained by matching it with an available one.     

S形矩形波导的弯曲损耗计算

通过改进的有效折射率法求解S形矩形波导的弯曲损耗,并在此基础上给出了波导的弯曲损耗系数与波导的横截面的宽度与高度的对应关系,并且对幂函数、正弦、余弦3种函数的S形弯曲波导的损耗进行了对比研究.结果表明,当波导尺寸相同时,余弦函数的S形波导的损耗比正弦、幂函数都小;当波导长度L增大到500μm时,余弦函数的弯曲损耗减小到接近0,所以在S形弯曲波导的路径设计中应选择余弦形函数.这对集成光学中光路的设计有一定的指导意义.     

锚具变形、钢筋回缩和接缝压缩引起的预应力损失数值模拟与试验研究

先张法和后张法预应力混凝土构件预应力损失均含有锚具变形、钢筋回缩和接缝压缩损失,该项预应力损失是张拉锚固阶段主要预应力损失.利用《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》（JTGD62-2004）中计算锚具变形、钢筋回缩和接缝压缩损失方法和ANSYS有限元分析软件中单元特点,提出了一种在有限元中模拟该项预应力损失的方法,并推导了该项预应力损失的数值计算公式.通过有限元模型的分析现场试验表明：两者结果吻合较好;可以在有限元模型中模拟锚具变形、钢筋回缩和接缝压缩损失,误差均在3％以内.     

大跨径连续刚构挠度控制与影响因素研究

针对预应力混凝土连续刚构桥梁挠度问题,采用室内试验和模型分析混凝土收缩徐变和预应力损失对结构挠度变形的影响。结果表明：混凝土徐变增长会导致桥面纵坡坡度变化,结构应力重分布。混凝土前期徐变系数增长快,持荷40d的徐变系数为1．004,180d时增幅仅为2．988％。桥梁顶板预应力损失对结构挠度变形影响比底板更明显,顶板预应力损失为20％时,运营两年的挠度增幅达67．5％。因此,混凝土结构物受荷加载不宜过早,对结构的挠度进行控制有利于提高桥梁的安全性能。