疏浚管路阻力损失计算方法的分析

管道输沙阻力损失计算是江河湖泊、港口航道疏浚工程中的一个基本问题,它是设计管道浆体输送系统的重要参数,直接关系到动力设备的选型和运行的能耗.文章重点以疏浚工程中泥沙的输送为研究对象,对管内两相流动的阻力特性及临界流速问题进行了初步研究,并实验研究了泥沙在不同的浓度和速度下的阻力特性,对3种模型的阻力损失计算模型进行了检验、分析和评价.结果表明Jufin＆Lopatin是一个比较好的计算模型.对于颗粒的不均匀性的影响,科学的方法能提高计算模型的计算精度.     

A model for prediction of the transient rolling resistance of tyres based on inner-liner temperatures

Measurements of rolling resistance in thermal equilibrium of a tyre, like measurements according to ISO 28580, do not allow statements about rolling resistances under other driving conditions. Such statements, however, are necessary to determine the energy consumption in driving cycles. Especially for the proper calculation of electric-vehicle remaining ranges and the selection of the respective driving strategies, the real amount of energy consumption is required. This paper presents a model approach, which by means of only one standardised rolling resistance measurement can be parameterised and, considering the present driving speed and tyre temperature, can predict the respective current rolling resistance.     

全回转导管桨水动力干扰数值预报与分析

为探明串列全回转导管桨水动力干扰问题,基于粘流理论,采用滑移网格方法,开展了均匀来流下两个串列桨在不同偏转角度下水动力性能的数值预报研究,定量分析了不同偏转角度下,上游桨对下游桨水动力的影响,重点关注不同偏转角度时下游桨推力、功率损失及叶片负载的脉动无序性。研究结果表明,在上游桨尾流影响下,上游桨无偏转角度时,下游桨推力损失约70%,上游桨偏转10度时,下游桨推力损失约15%。本文研究结果对动力定位系统控制策略具有指导意义。     

排气消声器的传声损失试验研究

汽车NVH作为衡量汽车性能的指标之一,其重要性日益显现。为降低汽车整体噪声,排气噪声作为汽车主要噪声源之一,要优先被考虑。对某型汽车的消声器静态传声损失进行测试与评价,针对其低频性能低的特点,提出改进措施,并对改进后的消声器进行测试。对比两种消声器的试验结果,表明改进后在低频的传声损失更高,平均传声损失更高,达到了预期效果。     

某车排气系统性能的数值模拟及优化研究

为提高某车发动机排气系统的消声量,建立该排气系统的有限元模型,采用三维有限元方法对该排气系统进行声学性能仿真分析,绘制传递损失曲线,发现该排气系统在试验测得的排气噪声频谱能量较高的频段消声量较小,消声性能有待改善.运用流体动力学计算软件fluent对排气系统的流场特性进行分析预测,获得压力损失预测值,以及内部流场的流速...     

海水和沉积物中声传播损失的仿真分析

文章建立了水—沉积物—海底半空间的分层海底模型,通过仿真计算,比较了声波在海水和沉积物中接收时的传播损失差异。结果表明,在高声速海底的条件下,声波在沉积物中传播且频率较低时,传播损失较低,即低频声波更易于在沉积物中传播。     

夹层结构模型假设对振动和声传输特性影响研究

不同模型假定下夹层结构的声振特性各不相同。基于Reissner模型和Zig-Zag模型位移场假设,分别建立了两种复合材料夹层板有限元动力单元模型,并通过推导的模型编制了计算程序,采用子空间迭代法求得了其固有频率和固有振型,采用混响声场声传输理论计算了传声损失,并对夹层板的动力特性和声传输特性进行了数值模拟研究,同时还考虑了夹层结构面板与芯板的厚度比和弹性模量比不同时各种模型的适用范围。     

裂隙岩体隧道非均质、各向异性等效渗流模型及应用

随着可持续发展战略的深化,隧道工程所引起的地下水环境问题越来越突出。简要介绍了裂隙岩体渗流特征、渗流模型及渗流计算原理,采用等效连续介质渗流模型模拟裂隙岩体隧道渗流规律并定量评价地下水资源流失量,为提高模型拟真性,在模型中考虑了裂隙岩体的非均质性和各向异性,并应用于实际工程中进行了隧道运营期间的地下水流失量计算,为减小隧道施工地下水资源流失提供技术支持。     

Time-variant ultimate longitudinal strength of corroded bulk carriers

Many bulk carrier losses have been reported of late, and one of the possible causes of such casualties is thought to be the structural failure of aging hulls in rough weather. In aging ships, corrosion and fatigue cracks are the two most important factors affecting structural safety and integrity. This paper uses a set of the time-dependent corrosion wastage models for 23 different member locations/categories of bulk carriers previously developed by the authors, based on the available corrosion measurements for existing large bulk carrier structures. Differences due to the location and corrosion severity of every member type are taken into account. The nominal design corrosion values for the primary members are suggested based on the annualized corrosion rates obtained in the present study. The effect of time-variant corrosion wastage on the ultimate hull girder strength as well as the section moduli is studied. The criteria for repair and maintenance of heavily corroded structural members so as to keep the ultimate longitudinal strength at an acceptable level are discussed. Important insights and conclusions developed are summarized.     

地铁车辆部件隔声性能指标研究

地铁车辆部件作为重要噪声传递路径,其隔声性能对车内噪声有重要影响。文章以我国某型地铁车辆部件为研究对象,通过建立车内噪声预测分析模型,研究了车辆部件的隔声性能指标。结果表明,改变车门、车窗和风挡的隔声量,对车内噪声的抑制效果最显著。