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31.
In this paper, we address the observability issue of static O–D estimation based on link counts. Unlike most classic observability analyses that relied only on network topological relationships, our analysis incorporates the actual values of input parameters, thus including network operational relations as well. We first analyze possible mathematical properties of an O–D estimation problem with different data input. We then propose a modeling approach based on mixed-integer program for selecting model input that ensures observability and estimation quality. Through establishing a stronger connection between observability analysis and the corresponding estimation problem, the proposed method aims to improve estimation quality while reducing reliance on erroneous data. 相似文献
32.
FPSO (floating, production, storage and offloading) units are widely used in the offshore oil and gas industry. Generally, FPSOs have excellent oil storage capacity owing to their huge oil cargo holds. The volume and distribution of stored oil in the cargo holds influence the strain level of hull girder, especially at critical positions of FPSO. However, strain prediction using structural analysis tools is computationally expensive and time consuming. In this study, a prediction tool based on back-propagation (BP) neural network called GAIFOA-BP is proposed to predict the strain values of concerned positions of an FPSO model under different oil storage conditions. The GAIFOA-BP combines BP model and GAIFOA which is a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA). Results from three benchmark tests show that the GAIFOA-BP model has a remarkable performance. Subsequently, a total of 81 sets of training data and 25 sets of testing data are obtained from experiment using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors installed on the surface of an FPSO model. The numerical results show that the GAIFOA-BP is capable of predicting the strain values with higher accuracy as compared with other BP models. Finally, the reserved GAIFOA-BP model is utilized to predict the strain values under the inputs of a 10-day time series of volume and distribution of stored oil. The predicted strain results are further used to calculate the fatigue consumption of measurement points. 相似文献
33.
This paper proposes and analyzes a distance-constrained traffic assignment problem with trip chains embedded in equilibrium network flows. The purpose of studying this problem is to develop an appropriate modeling tool for characterizing traffic flow patterns in emerging transportation networks that serve a massive adoption of plug-in electric vehicles. This need arises from the facts that electric vehicles suffer from the “range anxiety” issue caused by the unavailability or insufficiency of public electricity-charging infrastructures and the far-below-expectation battery capacity. It is suggested that if range anxiety makes any impact on travel behaviors, it more likely occurs on the trip chain level rather than the trip level, where a trip chain here is defined as a series of trips between two possible charging opportunities (Tamor et al., 2013). The focus of this paper is thus given to the development of the modeling and solution methods for the proposed traffic assignment problem. In this modeling paradigm, given that trip chains are the basic modeling unit for individual decision making, any traveler’s combined travel route and activity location choices under the distance limit results in a distance-constrained, node-sequenced shortest path problem. A cascading labeling algorithm is developed for this shortest path problem and embedded into a linear approximation framework for equilibrium network solutions. The numerical result derived from an illustrative example clearly shows the mechanism and magnitude of the distance limit and trip chain settings in reshaping network flows from the simple case characterized merely by user equilibrium. 相似文献
34.
In this paper, we study two closely related airline planning problems: the robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem (RWAMRP) and the tail assignment problem (TAP). In real life operations, the RWAMRP solution is used in tactical planning whereas the TAP solution is implemented in operational planning. The main objective of these two problems is to minimize the total expected propagated delay (EPD) of the aircraft routes. To formulate the RWAMRP, we propose a novel weekly line-of-flights (LOF) network model that can handle complex and nonlinear cost functions of EPD. Because the number of LOFs grows exponentially with the number of flights to be scheduled, we propose a two-stage column generation approach to efficiently solve large-scale real-life RWAMRPs. Because the EPD of an LOF is highly nonlinear and can be very time-consuming to accurately compute, we propose three lower bounds on the EPD to solve the pricing subproblem of the column generation. Our approach is tested on eight real-life test instances. The computational results show that the proposed approach provides very tight LP relaxation (within 0.6% of optimal solutions) and solves the test case with more than 6000 flights per week in less than three hours. We also investigate the solutions obtained by our approach over 500 simulated realizations. The simulation results demonstrate that, in all eight test instances, our solutions result in less EPDs than those obtained from traditional methods. We then extend our model and solution approach to solve realistically simulated TAP instances. 相似文献
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36.
构建网络安全体系,保障电子政务畅通 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
构建安全的电子政务网络体系对于推动政府工作信息化、促进政务公开、提高政府办公效率、构建和谐社会是非常重要的.在详细介绍目前网络安全一些认识误区的基础上,结合实际工作经验,从技术实施、制度建设方面阐述了如何构建安全的网络体系的问题. 相似文献
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38.
VBA在工程设计方面的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
谢宝玲 《广东交通职业技术学院学报》2007,6(4):59-61,128
文中从VBA的基本概念出发,详细论述了VBA在CAD和Excel方面的应用,便于工程设计人员参考,使VBA在工程设计、方案汇报和科研中得到广泛的应用。 相似文献
39.
Hiroshi Isshiki 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2001,6(2):93-109
To discuss water-wave problems in unlimited waters, it is important to know what type of wave radiation condition should
be placed on a virtual surface corresponding to infinity. For this kind of problem, the Sommerfeld radiation condition is
well known. In this article, the condition is extended to treat a case with an incident wave. Furthermore, a more general
wave radiation condition is introduced from a different point of view. The above-mentioned wave radiation conditions are introduced
into the variational principles of the Kelvin, Hellinnger–Reissner, and Dirichlet type. The Dirichlet-type variational principles
are then used in numerical calculations for bending waves in a bar, and the effectiveness of the wave radiation conditions
and the variational principles is shown. The numerical results for one-dimensional water-wave problems are then given. As
expected, the region required for the numerical solution is reduced drastically compared with that required by the Sommerfeld-type
formulation. Furthermore, the amplitude of the diverging wave is obtained in the process of reaching the variational solution.
Finally, two-dimensional water-wave problems are briefly discussed.
Received: August 9, 2001 / Accepted: September 17, 2001 相似文献
40.