索轨交通（续）

索轨交通是20世纪60年代研究开创的一种新型城市客运交通工具。根据收集到的国内外资料,对这种交通制式的发展历程、特点、车辆、轨索和设备系统,以及事故救援等作了简要的全面综述,并对其中的一些问题和发展前景进行了评述。     

TKCAD程序系统的总体设计,大部件图绘制及工程图库管理

TKCAD是在微机上开发的一个铁道客车CAD程序系统。本文探讨了其总体设计思想,研制了大部件图、明细表及技术档案的生成程序,并用Turbo Pascal语言编制了一个图库管理程序CADLIB。     

滚装船结构优化技术研究

良好的结构设计,要考虑到整体性、工艺性,而经济性则是评价任何设计的主要方面。在设计过程中,既要保持结构的足够强度,又要尽量减少船体的自重,以体现其结构设计的经济性和合理性,而最终达到结构优化和节能的目的。本文通过分析长江大型商品汽车滚装船结构特点,以1300车长江大型商品汽车滚装船为对象,采用规范计算或采用有限元软件进行直接计算,从拟定的2种结构布置方案中优化选出较佳方案,再对优选的结构布置方案进行纵骨间距优化,最终推荐的结构方案既能满足商品车装载要求,同时又大大减轻船舶结构重量,可为长江大型商品汽车滚装船的结构设计提供借鉴。     

采用蚁群算法求解铁路空车调整问题

蚁群算法是受自然界中蚁群搜索食物行为启发而提出的一种智能优化算法,针对空车产生总数和空车需求总数相等的平衡运输问题,建立以空车走行公里数最小为目标的空车调整数学模型,应用蚁群算法求解铁路空车调整问题。对有3个空车产生地点、4个空车需求地点的240辆空车平衡运输的算例,采用蚁群算法求解,得到2种目标结果最优的调整方案,可见该算法结果具有多重性,可以适应不同的调整需求。将其计算结果与分别采用最小元素法、西北角法、神经网络法及遗传算法所得结果进行比较,表明采用蚁群算法精度高、参数少、运算过程简单、模型易于理解和维护。采用蚁群算法求解空车调整模型可以用于全路、路局等的空车调整问题求解。     

固定检测器和移动检测器的交通信息融合方法

固定检测器和移动检测器在检测参数、数据精度、覆盖范围、采集成本等方面存在较大差异,具有很强的互补性.分析了固定检测器与移动检测器进行信息融合的必要性,提出了交通信息融合的总体框架.在分别阐述了基于固定检测器和基于移动检测器的区间平均速度估计方法基础上,采用BP神经网络对区间平均速度进行信息融合.以上海市南北高架道路为对象,利用Vissim仿真软件对基于BP神经网络的交通信息融合方法进行了实例分析,结果表明,该方法可以明显提高区间平均速度的精度.     

铁道车辆振动控制技术--有源与半有源悬挂分析

分析利用有源悬挂和半有源悬挂方法对铁道车辆振动控制的原理和技术。对日本最新型700系列高速列车上采用的可变阻尼减振器进行研究分析,认为其基本原理是通过高速电磁阀切换阻尼孔(节流孔),从而改变减振器的阻尼力达到控制振动的目的。指出在隧道内,车体的横向振动加速度可减少30%左右。介绍日本新开发的可以自动调整动力学性能的减震器的进展情况。给出横向用可变阻尼减振器和垂向用可变阻尼减振器内藏型空气弹簧的结构和特点。     

Estimation of nitrogen oxides emissions from petrol and diesel passenger cars by means of on-board monitoring: Effect of vehicle speed,vehicle technology,engine type on emission rates

NO_X emission rates of 13 petrol and 3 diesel passenger cars as a function of average speed from 10 to 120 km/h, emission class (pre-Euro 1 – Euro 5), engine type were investigated by on-board monitoring on roads and highways of St. Petersburg using a portative Testo XXL 300 gas analyzer. The highest level of NO_X emission 0.5–2.5 g/km was inherent to old pre-Euro 1 petrol cars without a catalytic converter. NO_X emissions rates of Euro 1 and Euro 2 petrol cars changed within 0.15–0.9 g/km, Euro 3 – 0.015–0.27 g/km, Euro 4 – 0.013–0.1 g/km, Euro 5 – 0.002–0.043 g/km. Euro 3 – Euro 4 petrol cars generally satisfied corresponding NO_X Emission Standards (ES), except cold-start period, Euro 5 petrol cars did not exceed ES. Warmed, stabilized engines of Euro 3 – Euro 5 petrol cars showed 5–10 times lower NO_X emission rates than corresponding ES in the range of speed from 20 to 90 km/h. NO_X emission rates of diesel Euro 3 and Euro 4 cars varied from 0.45 to 1.1 g/km and from 0.31 to 1.1 g/km, respectively. Two examined diesel Euro 3 and one Euro 4 passenger vehicles did not satisfy NO_X ES at real use. Euro 3 diesel cars showed 28.9 times higher NO_X emissions than Euro 3 petrol cars and Euro 4 diesel car demonstrated 17.6 times higher NO_X emissions than Euro 4 petrol cars at warmed and stabilized engine at a cruise speed ranging from 30 to 60 km/h.     

Shared versus private mobility: Modeling public interest in autonomous vehicles accounting for latent attitudes

Emerging autonomous vehicles (AVs) and shared mobility systems per se will transform urban passenger transportation. Coupled together, shared AVs (SAVs) can facilitate widespread use of shared mobility services by providing flexible public travel modes comparable to private AV. Hence, it may be conjectured that future urban mobility is likely an on-demand service and AV private ownership is unappealing. Nonetheless, it is still unclear what observable and latent factors will drive public interest in (S)AVs, the answer to which will have important implications on transportation system performance. This paper aims to jointly model public interest in private AVs and multiple SAV configurations (carsharing, ridesourcing, ridesharing, and access/egress mode) in daily and commute travels with explicit treatment of the correlations across the (S)AV types. To this end, multivariate ordered outcome models with latent variables are employed, whereby latent attitudes and preferences describing traveler safety concern about AV, green travel pattern, and mobility-on-demand savviness are accounted for using structural and measurement equations. Drawing from a stated preference survey in the State of Washington, important insights are gained into the potential user groups based on the socio-economic, built environment, and daily/commute travel behavior attributes. Key policies are also offered to promote public interest in (S)AVs by scrutinizing the marginal effects of the latent variables.     

铁道货车技术设计总图CAD软件包的研制

本文以 AutcCAD26为图形支撑软件,FoxBASE 为数据库支撑软件,采用 Autolisp 人工智能语言编程,研制了铁道货车技术设计的计算机绘图系统,组建了其绘图程序库及工程数据库,并以 C_(62)车为例,探索了在微机上进行铁道车辆技术设计图绘制的一般方法及程序设计技巧,得出了一些有实用价值的结论.     

我国铁路货车制动系统发展与运用现状

从空气制动装置中的制动机、空重车调整装置、闸瓦间隙自动调整器等几个方面阐述了我国货车制动系统的发展情况及运用现状。随着近几年国民经济发展及其对铁路运输的需求，中国铁路货车快速、重载已成必然发展趋势。介绍了快速和重载分别带来的制动问题及其在我国相应的发展模式。并在此基础上展望了我国铁路快速和重载货车制动技术的发展前景。