Adaptive road border crossing system management: the role of priority programs

Land border crossings in North America, such as those between Canada and U.S.A., are expected to experience severe imbalance of travel demand and capacity of processors. During peak travel periods, this is already the case at high traffic locations. The land border crossing authorities have to address problems of congestion, national security and environmental impacts in the operation of the existing systems and to continue to address these problems as a part of infrastructure expansion plans. There is a need to adapt the crossing system management in order to accommodate efficiency and productivity‐oriented priority crossing measures. From a methodological perspective, it is a challenge to evaluate the role of priority crossing measures within the complex border crossing system. This paper reports research on modelling priority crossing initiatives. A microsimulation approach was used to model and analyse integrated processors of the Peace Bridge crossing system between Fort Erie (Ontario) and Buffalo (New York) under different scenarios of travel demand, customs processing times, priority crossing and queue jump lanes for automobile and truck traffic. Findings show the extent to which a border crossing system with priority crossing and queue jump lanes is more efficient and productive than one without these innovations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Brain limbic system-based intelligent controller application to lane change manoeuvre

This paper presents the application of a novel neuromorphic control strategy for lane change manoeuvres in the highway environment. The lateral dynamics of a vehicle with and without wind disturbance are derived and utilised to implement a control strategy based on the brain limbic system. To show the robustness of the proposed controller, several disturbance conditions including wind, uncertainty in the cornering stiffness, and changes in the vehicle mass are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of the suggested strategy, simulation results of the proposed method are compared with the human driver model-based control scheme, which has been discussed in the literature. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller in energy efficiency, driving comfort, and robustness.     

Bicycle lane priority: Promoting bicycle as a green mode even in congested urban area

The main obstacles to boosting the bicycle as a mode of transport are safety concerns due to interactions with motorized traffic. One option is to separate cyclists from motorists through exclusive bicycle priority lanes. This practice is easily implemented in uncongested traffic. Enforcing bicycle lanes on congested roads may degenerate the network, making the idea very hard to sell both to the public and the traffic authorities. Inspired by Braess Paradox, we take an unorthodox approach to seeking latent misutilized capacity in the congested networks to be dedicated to exclusive bicycle lanes. The aim of this study is to tailor an efficient and practical method to large size urban networks. Hence, this paper appeals to policy makers in their quest to scientifically convince stakeholder that bicycle is not a secondary mode, rather, it can be greatly accommodated along with other modes even in the heart of the congested cities. In conjunction with the bicycle lane priority, other policy measures such as shared bicycle scheme, electric-bike, integration of public transport and bicycle are also discussed in this article. As for the mathematical methodology, we articulated it as a discrete bilevel mathematical programing. In order to handle the real networks, we developed a phased methodology based on Branch-and-Bound (as a solution algorithm), structured in a less intensive RAM manner. The methodology was tested on real size network of city of Winnipeg, Canada, for which the total of 30 road segments – equivalent to 2.77 km bicycle lanes – in the CBD were found.     

高速公路合流区上匝道混合车流通行能力经验计算法

研究高速公路合流区上匝道混合车流的通行能力的计算问题。利用已有的高速公路合流区外侧车道交通特征分析结论,推求在外侧车流不同车头时距分布特征下的上匝道混合车流汇合概率模型。运用回归技术和统计方法,建立了加速车道合流点分布概率的实测经验模型。对可接受间隙理论的原型进行了形式上的修正,最终建立高速公路合流区上匝道的混合车流通行能力经验模型,它是主路交通量、匝道交通量、加速车道长度、匝道混合车流比例以及各自的临界间隙和随车时距的函数。最后结合实例介绍经验模型的数值积分求解方法,并证实该经验计算方法具有较高的实效性和可操作性。     

高速公路自动停车道设计分析

高速运输对汽车的动力性、制动性和操作稳定性的要求日趋严格，公路设计应有针对性地增加相关安全设施设计。本文以广东下庄自动行车道为例，简要介绍其设计过程，重点利用汽车动力学的观点，对纵断面的设计依据及使用效果进行分析。     

LANE MARKING DETECTION IN CLUTTERED ENVIRONMENT

Achallengingtaskoffutureintelligentvehiclesisroadfollowing .Itincludeslanedetection (whichmainlystudiesthelocalizationoftheroad ,thede terminationoftherelativepositionbetweenvehicleandroad ,andtheanalysisofthevehicle’sheadingdirection) ,andobstacledetection (whichmainlystudieslocalizationofpossibleobstaclesonthevehi cle’spath) .Lanedetectionistheproblemoflocat inglaneboundarieswithoutpriorknowledgeoftheroadgeometry .Moregenerally ,however,lanede tectionhasbeenreducedtothelocalizationofspecif…     

基于道路基础设施的车道追踪控制器算法

基于道路基础设施而实现的车道追踪控制技术是当今智能公路领域的核心研究内容之一。2001年6月研制的车道追踪控制器在交通部公路公路交通综合试验场900m的智能公路测试跑道上实现了车道自动追踪的控制任务，并且控制结果达到并超过ISO／TC204WG14标准化草案NP17361LDWS对车道偏离预警系统的要求。分析了该控制器的结构，推导了该控制器的解析表达式，给出了该控制器的参数，并对实验结果进行了分析。     

快速公交专用道规划设计方法研究

在对快速公交专用道形式进行分类的基础上,对不同类型公交专用道的设置条件、优缺点、适用性等相关因素进行了分析.此外,对不同类型公交专用道的特征以及设计时应注意的问题进行了说明,给出了常用公交专用道的设计示意图.归纳了快速公交专用道规划实施要点.最后,对北京市南中轴路快速公交专用道以及三环路公交专用道的设置形式进行了分析.     

平面交叉口左转车道设计研究

由于道路交叉口左转与直行车流冲突比较大,所以在交叉口设计过程当中应该更加注意左转车道的设计。鉴于此,从左转车道的设置条件、安全视距、长度和特殊左转车道设计等方面对道路平面交叉口的左转车道进行详细论述,以期为同行提供参考和借鉴。     

基于无人机视频拍摄的高速公路小型车换道行为特性

为了研究高速公路小型车的换道行为特性,采用2台无人机同时在200 m的高空对交通流进行拍摄,获取交通流运行状态。构建拍摄路段的高精度地图,获取每一时刻车辆的精确运行状态数据,在此基础上对2个视频进行拼接,最终获得车道位置、速度、车辆编号等8项关键指标,共提取换道行为1 520条,筛选后得到完整的自由换道数据942条。采用车辆轨迹是否持续偏移作为判断换道行为起终点的依据,在此基础上分析换道的时间长度、空间长度、与周边车辆的相互状态以及换道行为的安全性等16个特征参数。得出平均换道时间长度为6.09 s,平均换道空间距离为148.08 m,换道时间与空间长度均符合对数正态分布。换道车辆与目标车道后方车辆的平均距离最小（34.29 m）,其相对距离在10 m以内的占28.24%,驾驶人为了加快行驶,在与目标车道后方车辆相对距离较小的情况下,依然采取换道措施。与正前方车辆的相对速度差最大,平均值为10.2 km·h^-1,并且在83%的情况下,本车的速度大于前车,说明车辆自由换道是由于前方车辆行驶速度较慢所引起。采用TTC,MTC分别对换道起始时刻的安全性进行分析,并将安全状态划分为4种类型：严重-紧急状态、严重-非紧急状态、非严重-紧急状态、非严重-非紧急状态。其中严重-非紧急,非严重-非紧急这2种状态占比最高。该研究成果对了解中国驾驶人在高速公路上的换道行为特性,以及对建立适用于中国实际交通环境特征的换道行为模型具有一定参考意义。