长深高速公路遵化至南小营段运营适应性分析

对长深高速公路遵化至南小营段高速公路运营适应性、纵坡路段服务水平及行车安全性进行分析,提出此路段应设置爬坡车道,并对路线服务性做全面评价,指出此路段平纵线形组合的优缺点及适应性。     

Shared versus private mobility: Modeling public interest in autonomous vehicles accounting for latent attitudes

Emerging autonomous vehicles (AVs) and shared mobility systems per se will transform urban passenger transportation. Coupled together, shared AVs (SAVs) can facilitate widespread use of shared mobility services by providing flexible public travel modes comparable to private AV. Hence, it may be conjectured that future urban mobility is likely an on-demand service and AV private ownership is unappealing. Nonetheless, it is still unclear what observable and latent factors will drive public interest in (S)AVs, the answer to which will have important implications on transportation system performance. This paper aims to jointly model public interest in private AVs and multiple SAV configurations (carsharing, ridesourcing, ridesharing, and access/egress mode) in daily and commute travels with explicit treatment of the correlations across the (S)AV types. To this end, multivariate ordered outcome models with latent variables are employed, whereby latent attitudes and preferences describing traveler safety concern about AV, green travel pattern, and mobility-on-demand savviness are accounted for using structural and measurement equations. Drawing from a stated preference survey in the State of Washington, important insights are gained into the potential user groups based on the socio-economic, built environment, and daily/commute travel behavior attributes. Key policies are also offered to promote public interest in (S)AVs by scrutinizing the marginal effects of the latent variables.     

Scheduling lane conversions for bus use on city-wide scales and in time-varying congested traffic

The paper explores what can occur when select street lanes throughout a city are periodically reserved for buses. Simulations of an idealized city were performed to that end. The city’s time-varying travel demand was studied parametrically. In all cases, queues formed throughout the city during a rush, and dissipated during the off-peak period that followed. Bus lanes were activated all at once across the city, and were eventually deactivated in like fashion. Activation and deactivation schedules varied parametrically as well. Schedules that roughly balanced the trip-time savings to bus riders against the added delays to car travelers were thus identified.Findings reveal why activating conversions near the start of a rush can degrade travel, both by car and by bus. Balance was struck by instead activating lane conversions nearer the end of the rush, when vehicle accumulation in the city was at or near its maximum. Most of the time savings to bus riders accrued after the conversions had been left in place for only 30 min. Leaving them for longer durations often brought modest additional savings to bus travelers. Yet, the added delays to cars often grew large as a result.These findings held even when buses garnered high ridership shares. This was the case when lane conversions gradually induced new bus trips among residents who formerly did not travel. It was also true when high ridership was a pre-existing feature of the city. Activating conversions a bit earlier in a rush was found to make sense only if commuters shifted from cars to buses in very large numbers. Findings also unveiled how to fine-tune activation and deactivation schedules to suit a city’s congestion level. Guidelines for scheduling conversions in real settings are furnished. So is discussion on how these schedules might be adapted to daily variations in city-wide traffic states. Roles for technology are discussed as well.     

快速公交(BRT)专用道沥青路面早期损害分析

BRT在我国的应用越来越广泛,我国BRT专用道路面大部分采用沥青路面。在建设使用早期,都出现了不同程度的早期破坏。这不仅对社会、交通造成了交通影响,也在经济上造成了很大的损失。因此,BRT专用道路基路面的早期损坏问题引起了广泛的关注。该文针对BRT专用道沥青路面出现的早期破坏进行分析,积累经验,为其他的工程提供参考。     

短车道对信号交叉口通行能力影响研究

针对交叉口进口道拓宽后形成的短车道,由于其长度的限制,存在因车辆排队溢出而造成阻塞的问题,结合交通流理论和概率论的相关成果,从定性分析和定量计算两方面研究了短车道排队阻塞对信号交叉口通行能力的影响。针对3种不同的信号相位方案,建立了考虑短车道潜在排队阻塞情况下的车道组通行能力计算模型,并通过仿真对模型进行了检验。在此基础上,进行了短车道条件下相关因素对信号交叉口通行能力影响的敏感性分析。研究发现在交叉口进口道存有短车道条件下,短车道长度、信号相位方案对通行能力起主要影响;同时对通行能力而言,存在最佳信号周期。     

基于动态重复博弈的车辆换道模型

在对车辆换道行为分析的基础上,提出了一种应用动态重复博弈原理建立车辆换道模型的方法,对每个阶段车辆的博弈过程以及车辆行为策略进行了描述,并利用速度期望的值作为车辆不同行为决策概率,在此基础上,考虑影响车辆速度期望的各个因素来对车辆速度期望的获得进行了分析。通过对不同交通流条件下实际调查的车辆换道次数与仿真值进行比较,表明了所提出模型的有效性。     

基于ISD4003的车道偏离警示系统语音报警实现

介绍了车道偏离警示系统的语音报警实现方法和MC9S12DP256单片机与ISD4003语音芯片之间的SPI串行通信原理,给出了MC9S12DP256单片机与ISD4003语音芯片的电路连接及软件控制,实现了车道偏离警示系统的组合放音的设计。     

平面交叉口左转车道的几何设计方法研究

针对平面交叉口左转车道的设计方法进行研究,参考发达国家平交路口安全设计规范,分析现有的设计技术规范中不合理的因素,从左转车道的布置、车道宽度的确定、车道长度的确定、过渡段的设计等几个方面,进行了详细的分析研究,提出了平面交叉口左转车道的几何设计方法。     

The optimization of lane assignment and signal timing at the tandem intersection with pre‐signal

This paper presents an integrated model for optimizing lane assignment and signal timing at tandem intersection, which is introduced recently. The pre‐signal is utilized in the tandem intersection to reorganize the traffic flow; hence, the vehicles, regardless of whether left‐turns or through vehicles, can be discharged in all the lanes. However, the previous work does not consider the extra traffic disruption and the associated delay caused by the additional pre‐signal. In the paper, the extra delay aroused by the coordination is incorporated in a lane assignment and signal timing optimization model, and the problem is converted into a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming. A feasible directions method is hence introduced to solve the mixed‐integer non‐linear programming. The result of the optimization shows that the performance of the tandem intersection is improved and the average delay is minimized. The comparison between the tandem and the conventional configuration is presented, and the results verify that the former shows better performance than the latter. In addition, the optimal sequence corresponding to the turning proportion and the optimal lane assignment at the upstream approach of the pre‐signal are presented. Furthermore, if the number of lanes is equal in all arms, the paper proves that the average delay will be reduced if lane assignment is proportional to the turning proportion and the vehicles with low proportion are discharged in advance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

车道变换过程中的攻击性驾驶行为研究

计算机技术和智能交通技术的飞速发展,为仿真工具能够真实地再现实际的交通运行环境提供了有利的保障,使前期仿真较难涉及的攻击性驾驶行为得以实现.鉴于此,在讨论攻击性驾驶行为的定义、表现形式和影响因素的基础上,选择了三种常用的微观交通仿真软件,对其车道变换模型中的攻击性驾驶行为的进行了分析评价;并提出了车道变换中攻击性驾驶行为的设置方法.