一种基于形态学变换的车道检测方法

利用形态学图像处理技术，基于形态学变换的道路检测方法，能够应用形态学变换、Canny边缘检测与Hough变换检测出直线道路车行道的边缘线。试验表明该方法能够准确提取出目标区域轮廓。     

城市公交专用道线网布局方法

为缓解城市交通拥堵，提高公交服务水平，建立合理的城市交通结构，用轨道交通线网规划方法研究公交专用道线网布局问题．从可行性和必要性入手，得出设置公交专用道的速度条件、公交车流量条件、道路条件，以及公交专用道需求线网和可行线网的设置方法，将二者叠加即可形成公交专用道的实际线网．根据城市整体路网规划，利用交通预测得到的道路上公交车量流量数据，应用上述方法可以规划公交专用道线网，形成以公交专用道线网为骨架的城市客运交通网络．     

城市公交专用道系统规划方法探讨——以深圳为例

针对大城市日趋复杂的公交系统，提出了公交专用道系统规划的方法，完善公交专用道的功能分类，明确各类公交专用道的主要服务对象和交通特性，并提出相应的设施要求。最后，以深圳公交专用道系统规划初步方案为例，按上述理论方法进行了实证说明。     

高速公路隧道行车火灾事故预防对策与应急施救

高速公路隧道空间的结构具有特殊性,在其内行车火灾事故经常发生,且危害巨大.结合浙江省某一高速公路隧道群内行车火灾安全事故,针对高速公路隧道行车火灾安全事故的基本特征,提出预防对策,并结合近几年来高速公路隧道行车火灾安全事故应急施救的实践,总结火灾安全事故应急施救经验,可为高速公路安全运营提供借鉴.     

车道荷载作用下公路多主梁桥剪力计算方法

考虑荷载横向分布系数m沿桥跨方向的变化,采用积分法对车道均布荷载引起的支点最大剪力进行了计算.其次根据函数极值原理推导了车道集中荷载引起的支点最大剪力计算公式及相应最不利荷载布置;提出了采用支点最大剪力计算判别式进行简便、准确计算支点最大剪力的方法.最后结合我国2004年公路桥规,以公路桥涵标准设计为算例,对本文计算方法和传统经验方法的结果进行了误差分析,说明本文提出的方法对桥涵设计及结构分析具有一定的指导意义.     

车道分隔方式对驾驶换道行为的影响

为探索不同车道分隔方式对驾驶换道行为的影响，在分析机动车驾驶换道决策机理与换道决策属性的基础上，改进双车道元胞自动机(STCA)的换道规则模型，提出了基于层次分析法(AHP)的多属性换道决策模型.在同向 3车道上设置不同车道分隔方式，运行模型以获得每种分隔方式在不同空间占有率情况下的换道动机概率、换道成功概率分布规律.分析发现：平均换道动机概率直接与交通流内部状态属性有关，平均换道成功概率则由交通流内部状态属性与车道隔离方式共同决定；通过对不同分隔方式下的换道规律分析，表明模型能较好诠释不同车道分隔方式的交通管理法规涵义.该换道决策模型构造方法上具有同时处理多个外部决策属性的能力，具有较强的通用性.     

Transit-oriented autonomous vehicle operation with integrated demand-supply interaction

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent potentially disruptive and innovative changes to public transportation (PT) systems. However, the exact interplay between AV and PT is understudied in existing research. This paper proposes a systematic approach to the design, simulation, and evaluation of integrated autonomous vehicle and public transportation (AV + PT) systems. Two features distinguish this research from the state of the art in the literature: the first is the transit-oriented AV operation with the purpose of supporting existing PT modes; the second is the explicit modeling of the interaction between demand and supply.We highlight the transit-orientation by identifying the synergistic opportunities between AV and PT, which makes AVs more acceptable to all the stakeholders and respects the social-purpose considerations such as maintaining service availability and ensuring equity. Specifically, AV is designed to serve first-mile connections to rail stations and provide efficient shared mobility in low-density suburban areas. The interaction between demand and supply is modeled using a set of system dynamics equations and solved as a fixed-point problem through an iterative simulation procedure. We develop an agent-based simulation platform of service and a discrete choice model of demand as two subproblems. Using a feedback loop between supply and demand, we capture the interaction between the decisions of the service operator and those of the travelers and model the choices of both parties. Considering uncertainties in demand prediction and stochasticity in simulation, we also evaluate the robustness of our fixed-point solution and demonstrate the convergence of the proposed method empirically.We test our approach in a major European city, simulating scenarios with various fleet sizes, vehicle capacities, fare schemes, and hailing strategies such as in-advance requests. Scenarios are evaluated from the perspectives of passengers, AV operators, PT operators, and urban mobility system. Results show the trade off between the level of service and the operational cost, providing insight for fleet sizing to reach the optimal balance. Our simulated experiments show that encouraging ride-sharing, allowing in-advance requests, and combining fare with transit help enable service integration and encourage sustainable travel. Both the transit-oriented AV operation and the demand-supply interaction are essential components for defining and assessing the roles of the AV technology in our future transportation systems, especially those with ample and robust transit networks.     

Assessing public opinions of and interest in new vehicle technologies: An Austin perspective

Technological advances are bringing connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to the ever-evolving transportation system. Anticipating public acceptance and adoption of these technologies is important. A recent internet-based survey polled 347 Austinites to understand their opinions on smart-car technologies and strategies. Results indicate that respondents perceive fewer crashes to be the primary benefit of autonomous vehicles (AVs), with equipment failure being their top concern. Their average willingness to pay (WTP) for adding full (Level 4) automation ($7253) appears to be much higher than that for adding partial (Level 3) automation ($3300) to their current vehicles.Ordered probit and other model specifications estimate the impact of demographics, built-environment variables, and travel characteristics on Austinites’ WTP for adding various automation technologies and connectivity to their current and coming vehicles. It also estimates adoption rates of shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) under different pricing scenarios ($1, $2, and $3 per mile), choice dependence on friends’ and neighbors’ adoption rates, and home-location decisions after AVs and SAVs become a common mode of transport. Higher-income, technology-savvy males, who live in urban areas, and those who have experienced more crashes have a greater interest in and higher WTP for the new technologies, with less dependence on others’ adoption rates. Such behavioral models are useful to simulate long-term adoption of CAV technologies under different vehicle pricing and demographic scenarios. These results can be used to develop smarter transportation systems for more efficient and sustainable travel.     

A cell transmission model for dynamic lane reversal with autonomous vehicles

Autonomous vehicles admit consideration of novel traffic behaviors such as reservation-based intersection controls and dynamic lane reversal. We present a cell transmission model formulation for dynamic lane reversal. For deterministic demand, we formulate the dynamic lane reversal control problem for a single link as an integer program and derive theoretical results. In reality, demand is not known perfectly at arbitrary times in the future. To address stochastic demand, we present a Markov decision process formulation. Due to the large state size, the Markov decision process is intractable. However, based on theoretical results from the integer program, we derive an effective heuristic. We demonstrate significant improvements over a fixed lane configuration both on a single bottleneck link with varying demands, and on the downtown Austin network.     

农村单车道公路错车道设置参数研究

以农村公路人和车辆安全为出发点,对错车道设置条件、长度、宽度、间距及渐变段长度和宽度进行了研究,综合考虑农村单车道公路车型分布、行驶车速、交通量等因素,推导出错车道设置长度、宽度、间距及渐变段长度的计算公式.以福建省某地区的农村公路为实例,证明提出的错车道设置参数是合理的.