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排序方式: 共有610条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
421.
We study the shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) routing problem while considering congestion. SAVs essentially provide a dial-a-ride service to travelers, but the large number of vehicles involved (tens of thousands of SAVs to replace personal vehicles) results in SAV routing causing significant congestion. We combine the dial-a-ride service constraints with the linear program for system optimal dynamic traffic assignment, resulting in a congestion-aware formulation of the SAV routing problem. Traffic flow is modeled through the link transmission model, an approximate solution to the kinematic wave theory of traffic flow. SAVs interact with travelers at origins and destinations. Due to the large number of vehicles involved, we use a continuous approximation of flow to formulate a linear program. Optimal solutions demonstrate that peak hour demand is likely to have greater waiting and in-vehicle travel times than off-peak demand due to congestion. SAV travel times were only slightly greater than system optimal personal vehicle route choice. In addition, solutions can determine the optimal fleet size to minimize congestion or maximize service. 相似文献
422.
K. Lundahl E. Frisk L. Nielsen 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2017,55(12):1909-1945
Path planning and path following are core components in safe autonomous driving. Typically, a path planner provides a path with some tolerance on how tightly the path should be followed. Based on that, and other path characteristics, for example, sharpness of curves, a speed profile needs to be assigned so that the vehicle can stay within the given tolerance without going unnecessarily slow. Here, such trajectory planning is based on optimal control formulations where critical cases arise as on-the-limit solutions. The study focuses on heavy commercial vehicles, causing rollover to be of a major concern, due to the relatively high centre of gravity. Several results are obtained on required model complexity depending on path characteristics, for example, quantification of required path tolerance for a simple model to be sufficient, quantification of when yaw inertia needs to be considered in more detail, and how the curvature rate of change interplays with available friction. Overall, in situations where the vehicle is subject to a wide range of driving conditions, from good transport roads to more tricky avoidance manoeuvres, the requirements on the path following will vary. For this, the provided results form a basis for real-time path following. 相似文献
423.
考虑车道变换可能对交通安全造成不利影响,结合广东省3条高速公路64个路段的交通运行状况数据和交通事故历史数据,利用负二项分布预测方法,建立并标定了基于交通量、路段长度、车道变换次数、大型车变道比例、单位里程变道次数等5个解释变量10组不同组合的交通事故预测模型.通过计算各组模型的Akaike信息量准则指标,得到了3组权衡了模型结构(即解释变量数量)和数据拟合度的最优模型.结果表明,虽然3组最优预测模型的预测精度仍有待提高,但是考虑车道变换影响的交通事故预测模型明显优于其他模型.这说明与车道变换相关的变量可以作为交通事故预测的有效解释变量,并且引入该类型变量可以更好地预测高速公路交通事故的发生. 相似文献
424.
为掌握车道限制策略的实施效果,应用某八车道高速公路非高峰期和高峰期的实测数据,对交通量、速度和车头时距等3项交通流参数的特征进行分析,并得出结论.限制货车通行的车道1、2比不限货车的车道3、4交通量大且速度高,说明限制货车对于提高车道的服务水平有明显效果.车道1、2的车头时距用M3分布拟合效果较好,车道3、4用2阶爱尔朗分布或移位负指数分布拟合效果较好,说明前者易结成车队,而后者的行驶自由度相对较大,交通量仍有提升空间.综上所述,车道限制策略实质上是对车道进行差异化管理,限制货车和不限货车的车道分别以提高服务水平和通行能力作为首要目标,以期获得整体运行质量的优化,但实施条件和保障机制仍有待探索. 相似文献
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428.
车辆前方行驶环境识别技术探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
基于雷达和视觉技术对车辆前方行驶环境识别,进而判断车辆安全状态和实现纵向横行运动状态警示和控制,其是实现汽车安全辅助驾驶的主要技术途径。介绍车辆前方行驶环境识别涉及到的雷达和视觉的一些技术,其中包括雷达种类和适用场合,雷达检测障碍物的算法,车用图像的性能要求,基于图像特征和模型的车道线识别的方法,利用图像实现其他环境信息识别的方法。 相似文献
429.
As one of the most promising bus priority techniques, the innovative intermittent bus lane (IBL) strategy has drawn more attention in the past few years. In this paper, some improvements on the operation of the IBL strategy are proposed, and two cellular automaton models for a roadway section with two lanes, one with no bus priority and the other with an intermittent bus lane, are built to study the characteristics of urban traffic flow. Computer simulations and analytical models are developed to conduct quantitative research on the influence of IBL on the traffic density distribution, traffic velocity, and traffic capacity of the roadway section. By comparing the average paces in the two cases, this paper proposes a methodology to determine suitable traffic conditions for the IBL strategy implementation. The results indicate that for the designed scenarios, the IBL strategy is effective only when the traffic density is in the range of 25 to 74 pcu/km, which suggests that level of service C is the inflection point for implementing the IBL strategy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
430.
This work examines the impact of heavy vehicle movements on measured traffic characteristics in detail. Although the number of heavy vehicles within the traffic stream is only a small percentage, their impact is prominent. Heavy vehicles impose physical and psychological effects on surrounding traffic flow because of their length and size (physical) and acceleration/deceleration (operational) characteristics. The objective of this work is to investigate the differences in traffic characteristics in the vicinity of heavy vehicles and passenger cars. The analysis focuses on heavy traffic conditions (level of service E) using a trajectory data of highway I‐80 in California. The results show that larger front and rear space gaps exist for heavy vehicles compared with passenger cars. This may be because of the limitations in manoeuvrability of heavy vehicles and the safety concerns of the rear vehicle drivers, respectively. In addition, heavy vehicle drivers mainly keep a constant speed and do not change their speed frequently. This work also examines the impact of heavy vehicles on their surrounding traffic in terms of average travel time and number of lane changing manoeuvres using Advanced Interactive Microscopic Simulator for Urban and Non‐Urban Networks (AIMSUN) microscopic traffic simulation package. According to the results, the average travel time increases when proportion of heavy vehicles rises in each lane. To reflect the impact of heavy vehicles on average travel time, a term related to heavy vehicle percentage is introduced into two different travel time equations, Bureau of Public Roads and Akçelik's travel time equations. The results show that using an exclusive term for heavy vehicles can better estimate the travel times for more than 10%. Finally, number of passenger car lane changing manoeuvres per lane will be more frequent when more heavy vehicles exist in that lane. The influence of heavy vehicles on the number of passenger car lane changing is intensified in higher traffic densities and higher percentage of heavy vehicles. Large numbers of lane changing manoeuvres can increase the number of traffic accidents and potentially reduce traffic safety. The results show an increase of 5% in the likelihood of accidents, when percentage of heavy vehicles increases to 30% of total traffic. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献