快速公交专用道形式对其运行效率的影响研究

选取包含有四段不同专用道形式的济南市BRT-3线路为研究对象,通过实时采集各区段和站间的运行数据,运用数理统计方法和多元分析理论,对该线路中不同区段和站间的BRT车辆运行效率、该线路具有的车辆配置、信号配时以及道路基础条件的特点对BRT运行效率的差异性,不同区段上交叉口停车延误和停靠站延误进行对比分析.提出了实行部分交叉口有条件的BRT信号优先;优化行人街交叉口;实时调度控制车辆运行时间和距离等改进措施.     

综合客运枢纽出租车上客点管理模式和效率分析

综合客运枢纽中出租车上客点比下客点的短时客流集中特点更突出,采用合理的出租车管理模式可以有效提高出租车泊位的运行效率,满足短时间疏散客流的要求。抽象出3种典型的上客点出租车管理模式,分析不同管理模式的特点、上客点的运行效率和设置方式,并用微观仿真模型对于3种出租车上客点管理模式进行比较分析,得出不同模式的适用条件。     

设置间歇式公交专用道的道路路段通行能力

为了计算设置间歇式公交专用道的路段通行能力,在介绍间歇式公交专用道系统的基础上,应用移动瓶颈理论对路段通行能力进行了研究,给出了通行能力的计算公式;然后构建了设置间歇式公交专用道前后双车道元胞自动机交通流模型,对比了公式计算与模型模拟的结果。研究结果表明：通行能力随公交车运营车速的降低而下降;只有当发车间隔大于集结流的集结消散时间时,公交车的发车间隔才会影响路段的通行能力,此时通行能力随发车间隔的增大而增加。     

基于VanetMobiSim/NS-2的车辆换道模型仿真

高速公路上驾驶人换道行为容易导致车辆碰撞事故。利用车载自组网（Vanet）车车通信提醒驾驶人在换道过程中可能遇到的危险,但在真实环境中测试车载自组网难度大,代价高。Vanet-MobiSim和NS-2分别是优秀的交通、网络仿真器,两者联合可以为车载自组网提供真实可靠的微观仿真平台。文中结合开源的VanetMobiSim中的智能驾驶人换道模型——IDM_LC设计Vanet环境下的车辆换道模型,仿真产生不同车密度、车道数下的移动车辆Trace文件。将Trace文件导入开源的NS-2中进行仿真分析。结果表明,采用VanetMobiSim/NS-2联合仿真平台可以很好的模拟设计的不同情景下的车辆换道模型,车辆换道时的车车通信将使得车辆换道效率和安全性都得到提高。     

山区公路避险车道设计

避险车道作为一种不得已而为之的被动应急措施,就是专为失控车辆紧急避险、安全停车而设置的休止车道。结合国内外参考文献、作者完成的避险车道设计文件,系统地总结了避险车道的设置必要性、设置位置、几何结构参数、配套交通与安全设施等等。     

杭州市上塘-中河高架交通改善方案研究

上塘-中河高架是杭州市主城区最重要的一条南北向骨架道路,近几年来拥堵严重,已成为城市交通热点问题。该文从杭州市的道路网特点入手,通过大量现场调查,并借助杭州市智能交通信息平台的FCD和微波车检器流量数据,深入分析了上塘-中河高架的交通拥堵特征。从交通需求、交通设计和交通管理与控制三个方面系统地剖析了其交通拥堵的原因和症结。借鉴国外高速公路无瓶颈段设计理论,本着交通疏堵工程和保证快速路运行效率的理念,从增设匝道的合理性,打通中河立交瓶颈节点,部分路段"4改5(6)",增加匝道车道数,地面道路配套措施及封闭个别匝道等交通工程角度提出了交通改善方案。     

A simple reservation and allocation model of shared parking lots

With increasing auto demands, efficient parking management is by no means less important than road traffic congestion control. This is due to shortages of parking spaces within the limited land areas of the city centers in many metropolises. The parking problem becomes an integrated part of traffic planning and management. On the other hand, it is a fact that many private parking spots are available during daytime in nearby residential compound because those residents drive their cars out to work. These temporarily vacant parking lots can be efficiently utilized to meet the parking demand of other drivers who are working at nearby locations or drivers who come for shopping or other activities. This paper proposes a framework and a simple model for embracing shared use of residential parking spaces between residents and public users. The proposed shared use is a winning strategy because it maximizes the use of private resources to benefit the community as a whole. It also creates a new business model enabled by the fast-growing mobile apps in our daily lives.     

Optimal deployment of autonomous vehicle lanes with endogenous market penetration

This paper develops a mathematical approach to optimize a time-dependent deployment plan of autonomous vehicle (AV) lanes on a transportation network with heterogeneous traffic stream consisting of both conventional vehicles (CVs) and AVs, so as to minimize the social cost and promote the adoption of AVs. Specifically, AV lanes are exclusive lanes that can only be utilized by AVs, and the deployment plan specifies when, where, and how many AV lanes to be deployed. We first present a multi-class network equilibrium model to describe the flow distributions of both CVs and AVs, given the presence of AV lanes in the network. Considering that the net benefit (e.g., reduced travel cost) derived from the deployment of AV lanes will further promote the AV adoption, we proceed to apply a diffusion model to forecast the evolution of AV market penetration. With the equilibrium model and diffusion model, a time-dependent deployment model is then formulated, which can be solved by an efficient solution algorithm. Lastly, numerical examples based on the south Florida network are presented to demonstrate the proposed models.     

Modelling acceleration decisions in traffic streams with weak lane discipline: A latent leader approach

Acceleration is an important driving manoeuvre that has been modelled for decades as a critical element of the microscopic traffic simulation tools. The state-of-the art acceleration models have however primarily focused on lane based traffic. In lane based traffic, every driver has a single distinct lead vehicle in the front and the acceleration of the driver is typically modelled as a function of the relative speed, position and/or type of the corresponding leader. On the contrary, in a traffic stream with weak lane discipline, the subject driver may have multiple vehicles in the front. The subject driver is therefore subjected to multiple sources of stimulus for acceleration and reacts to the stimulus from the governing leader. However, only the applied accelerations are observed in the trajectory data, and the governing leader is unobserved or latent. The state-of-the-art models therefore cannot be directly applied to traffic streams with weak lane discipline.This prompts the current research where we present a latent leader acceleration model. The model has two components: a random utility based dynamic class membership model (latent leader component) and a class-specific acceleration model (acceleration component). The parameters of the model have been calibrated using detailed trajectory data collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results indicate that the probability of a given front vehicle of being the governing leader can depend on the type of the lead vehicle and the extent of lateral overlap with the subject driver. The estimation results are compared against a simpler acceleration model (where the leader is determined deterministically) and a significant improvement in the goodness-of-fit is observed. The proposed models, when implemented in microscopic traffic simulation tools, are expected to result more realistic representation of traffic streams with weak lane discipline.     

HOV车道的设计应用研究

随着我国汽车工业的不断发展,城市的机动车数量不断增加,在带来经济效益的同时,也产生了许多交通问题。通过对HOV设计应用的研究,阐述了在我国目前的发展形势下,将HOV理念引入城市交通管理是实现城市道路可持续发展的需要,也是城市用地集约化配置的需要;同时指出,我国实行HOV优先的可能。论文借鉴多方式出行选择logit模型对HOV车道的设置进行了探讨。