基质吸力对小浪底水库1#滑坡非饱和土强度影响试验研究

利用改进的非饱和土三轴仪进行了小浪底水库1#滑坡非饱和土三轴试验,着重对围压对基质吸力的影响、非饱和土强度及基质吸力对它的影响进行研究,结果表明:基质吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度有增强作用,主要体现为对总内聚力的增强,对内摩擦角影响极小,且其强度参数Φb不是常量。应用最小二乘法对基质吸力与总内聚力实测曲线进行拟合并结合非饱和土强度理论建立了实用抗剪强度公式,用具体函数来明确基质吸力对强度的影响。     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ultimate torsional strength of an ultra large container ship

Structures of ultra large container ships (ULCS) are characterized by large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. It is essential to comprehensively figure out their collapse behaviors under pure torsion with both model experiments and numerical simulations, making an evaluation of their ultimate torsional strength. In this paper, a similar scale model of a 10,000TEU container ship has been designed and manufactured first, in which both geometric similarity and strength similarity are taken into account. Next the collapse behaviors of the test model are detailedly illustrated with both experimentally and numerically obtained results. Then discussions on warping or shear buckling deformations involved in the collapse process of the structure are conducted with extended numerical simulations. Finally, the ultimate torsional strength of the true ship is evaluated according to the similarity theory. Results show that it is the yielding and shear buckling of the side shells that causes the failure of the hull girder under pure torsion. Further nonlinear finite element analysis demonstrates that it may either have warping or shear buckling deformations in the torsional collapse process of the hull girder with a large deck opening, depending on the local rigidity distribution of side shells, which has a significant effect on the ultimate torsional strength of the hull girder.     

列车振动条件下古建筑群结构动力响应分析

为研究地铁列车振动对上方古建筑的影响规律,基于西安地铁4号线下穿和平门区段,建立不同行车速度组合工况有限元振动分析模型,用来分析和平门古建筑群的振动响应规律。并进行中国古建筑结构允许振动速度评价标准的比选、推导和确定,由结果可知:地铁单向或对向通过城墙时,不同车速对峰值位移几乎没有影响。城墙的峰值速度、加速度随着车速的增大而增大,在车速为80 km/h时达到最大。桥体在两种运行模式下的峰值位移、速度、加速度变化趋势与城墙相同,但最终值较大。综合比较,列车80 km/h对向行驶为最不利情况,此时城墙和桥体的速度、加速度分别为0.160,0.667 mm/s和0.679,2.998 mm/s~2。护城河桥的振动以竖直方向为主,而城墙在列车运营时主要呈水平方向振动。桥体的水平振动速度略大于城墙,且两者均小于容许水平振动速度,因此该地铁运营过程中可保证古建筑运营安全。     

微型桩地震动力特性数值模拟研究

微型桩是一种新型边坡支挡结构,地震中耗散能量较多,在边坡工程抗震抢险中被优先使用。目前微型桩的研究主要为静力特性的研究,对其动力特性的研究较少。运用数值软件FLAC3d对平行布置微型桩和"人"字形布置微型桩的动力学特性进行分析研究。研究表明:两类微型桩在地震作用下弯矩呈现"S"形分布特点,剪力呈现"〉"形的分布特点;当地震波峰值加速度0.4g时,地震作用对两类微型桩的弯矩和剪力影响较小,当地震波峰值加速度≥0.4g时,地震作用对两类微型桩的弯矩和剪力影响较大;"人"字形微型桩同平行微型桩相比桩身弯矩较大、剪力较小,"人"字形微型桩的抗震承载能力更强,抗震效果更佳。     

顶推钢导梁与主梁新型连接方式研究

常规顶推施工中钢导梁与主梁多采用精轧螺纹钢连接方式。由于某铁路桥主梁腹板厚度较薄、导梁与主梁高度不相匹配,采用常规的连接方式难以满足受力的需要。为解决这一难题,对常规顶推方案进行改进与创新,提出一种剪力分配梁与水平向精轧螺纹钢相结合的新型连接方式,方便地解决了工程实际需求。实践证明,该连接方式操作简单、适用性强。该方案的成功运用可以作为类似跨线桥(跨铁路、公路等)顶推施工导梁连接方案的借鉴。     

活性粉末混凝土梁斜裂缝宽度影响参数探析

为了分析剪跨比、配箍率、钢纤维体积率和纵筋率等不同参数对试验梁斜裂缝宽度的影响,进行4组11根HRB500级钢筋活性粉末混凝土简支梁的抗剪试验研究,并提出其最大斜裂缝宽度计算的建议公式。研究结果表明:剪跨比、钢纤维体积率、配箍率和纵筋率都对试验梁的斜裂缝宽度有一定的影响,剪跨比越小,试验梁的斜裂缝宽度越小;配箍率、钢纤维含量和纵筋率越大,试验梁的斜裂缝宽度越小;其中钢纤维体积率的影响最为明显。基于普通钢筋混凝土梁斜裂缝宽度计算公式构建的修正公式,可为HRB500级钢筋活性粉末混凝土简支梁的抗剪计算提供些许参考。     

T形截面RPC简支梁抗剪性能试验及有限元分析

为了研究T形截面RPC简支梁抗剪性能,开展6根配置HRB500级钢筋的RPC简支梁抗剪试验,包括3根矩形梁和3根T形梁。采用ANSYS分析软件对T形截面高强钢筋RPC梁的受力性能进行模拟,探讨其本构关系及模型建立,并将有限元计算结果和试验结果进行比对分析。结果表明:ANSYS建立的模型能较好地模拟T形截面RPC梁的抗剪受力性能,采用T形截面可以提高RPC梁的抗剪承载力及抗变形性能,T形截面RPC梁的抗剪承载力较矩形截面RPC梁分别提高27.26%、21.03%、11.33%;翼缘宽度对T形高强钢筋RPC梁抗剪性能有较大影响,当翼缘宽度与腹板宽度比值为2时,梁的抗剪承载力提高最大,配箍率为0和0.25%的T形截面RPC梁抗剪承载力较矩形截面RPC梁分别提高29.2%和11.54%,翼缘宽度对T形截面RPC无腹筋梁抗剪承载力的影响更为显著,但影响程度并不呈线性关系。     

考虑峰后效应的围岩特征曲线

运用UDEC离散元程序对直剪试验进行数值模拟,结果表明该方法可以有效模拟岩石峰后剪胀效应.运用理论分析和数值模拟试验的方法,对某一在建四线铁路车站隧道的全过程围岩特征曲线进行研究.研究结果表明:提出的"统一围岩特征曲线"考虑了弹塑性介质向松弛介质的过渡,运用了弹甥性支护理论、松动圈支护理论和普氏理论,反映了形变压力到松弛压力的转变,体现了不同阶段存在着不同性质的支护荷载;在岩石峰后区应使用可伸缩性支护或多次支护;盲目加大支护刚度反而会使支护承担较大的碎胀力.     

Stresses and Shear Fracture Zone of Jinshazhou Tunnel Surrounding Rock in Rich Water Region

Field evidence has shown that large-scale and unstable discontinuous planes in the rock mass surrounding tunnels in rich water region are probably generated after excavation. The tunnel surrounding rock was divided into three zones, including elastic zone, plastic damage zone and shear fracture zone fof assessing the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock. By local hydrogeology, the stresses of surrounding rock of Jinshazhou circular tunnel was analyzed and the stress solutions on the elastic and plastic damage zones were obtained by applying the theories of fluid-solid coupling and elasto-plastic damage mechanics. The shear fracture zone generated by joints was studied and its range was determined by using Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical results was validated by comparing the scopes of shear fracture zones calculated in this paper with those from literature.     

波纹钢腹板剪切屈曲影响因素分析

采用考虑剪切变形的8节点曲壳单元离散波纹钢腹板,并用有限元方法进行非线性剪切屈曲分析。分析中采用一致缺陷模态法和引入钢板厚度缺陷分布函数的方法进行波形尺寸缺陷和钢板厚度缺陷的模拟。在此基础上研究了波纹形状、腹板整体外形尺寸和钢腹板厚度等因素对波纹钢腹板剪切屈曲极限荷载和屈曲模态的影响。