Sediment physical properties of the DYNAS study area

Physical properties of the deposits in the DYNAS study area, the Mecklenburg Bay, were investigated using sediment echosounders and laboratory analysis were carried out on undisturbed short sediment cores. Wet bulk densities of about 1.2 g/cm³ for mud and up to 1.9 g/cm³ for silty sand were found in surface sediments of the Mecklenburg Bay. Sediment density–depth functions were approximated by logarithmic regression functions at different depth intervals. Sediment consolidation was studied by both (i) consolidation tests of sediment samples and (ii) from the void ratio–overburden pressure relation in natural sediments. Low shear strength values of 9–71 Pa were measured at the mud surface. Downcore, a depth gradient of about 14.5 Pa/cm was calculated. Sediments with high silt and sand contents are characterized by shear strength values of up to 3000 Pa. Published formulas derived from erosion studies were used to calculate the critical shear stress using wet bulk density and shear strength. The obtained results demonstrate clearly, that there is still a wide gap in knowledge about the relationships between erosion parameters and sediment physical properties.     

剪切流对水平轴潮流能水轮机水动力性能影响

为了研究剪切流下潮流能水平轴水轮机水动力载荷特性,本文基于CFD方法,建立剪切流模型,计算了剪切流下水平轴水轮机的水动力载荷,并分析得出剪切率对水动力载荷的影响规律。结果表明：剪切流情况下,水动力载荷系数时历曲线发生明显波动,除弯矩系数的波动频率和叶轮旋转频率一致外,其他系数的波动频率均是叶轮旋转频率的2倍,且剪切率越大,水动力载荷系数的波动幅值就越大;随着速比增大,弯矩系数的波动幅值逐渐增加,而侧向力系数波动幅值先增加再减小,在最优速比左右达到最大值。研究成果可为潮流能水平轴水轮机的结构设计和性能优化提供依据。     

RMFC模型在新型拼接式海上栈桥码头三维运动响应计算中的应用

将刚性模块柔性连接器模型(RMFC)应用于拼接式海上栈桥码头的三维运动响应计算,柔性连接器被假定为线性弹簧,采用有限水深三维势流理论计算水动力,重点分析了6种浪向的改变对栈桥码头三维运动响应的影响,并将谱分析结果与实验结果进行了比较.结果表明本文提出的计算模型能够很好地反映拼接式海上栈桥码头的三维运动响应情况,其结果可以作为设计连接器及锚链的依据.     

长沙书院路下穿京广线框架桥顶进施工技术

既有线路的加固和顶进后背系统的稳定性、安全性是大框架顶进施工的关键.结合长沙市书院路下穿京广铁路上、下行线框架桥的顶进施工,介绍了施工中既有线路加固体系、框架顶进后背体系、支点转换体系以及关键部位检算的方法.     

钢-砼组合箱梁考虑滑移时剪力滞效应分析

在假定的位移模式及相应的假定条件下,根据组合箱梁的应变表达式,采用虚功原理推导出平衡和变形协调方程。通过分部积分得到组合箱梁考虑相对滑移和剪力滞效应的微分方程以及相应的边界条件,利用差分法来求解带有边界条件的微分方程组。以带有悬臂翼板的钢 砼组合箱梁为例分析其考虑滑移时的剪力滞效应,通过算例可以看出砼板的应力随剪力连接件的刚度增大而增加,钢箱梁的应力和组合箱梁的挠度随剪力连接件的刚度增大而减小。     

对IACS《散装货船共同结构规范》中有关舵设备的几点意见

对《散装货船共同结构规范》（2006）舵设备部分有关舵面积,有舵杆筒悬挂舵的计算模型,锥形连接器的锥面预加压力及其许用压力以及半平衡舵强度校核等提出了作者的看法,望能获得IACS和船级社的关注。     

Queue length estimation at metered freeway‐to‐freeway connectors

Freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is a cost‐effective and proven freeway management strategy for relieving recurrent congestion. However, one of the critical challenges in design and operation of freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is the lack of up‐to‐date queue storage length design guidance. In this study, it was found that ramp queue is dynamically related to the metering rate, on‐ramp demand, and traffic flow arrival pattern. Hence, simply using an average demand cannot provide accurate queue length estimation and is also not suitable for queue storage design where the maximum or a percentile queue length is generally used. A mesoscopic queue length simulation model was developed based on the input–output method for estimating queue lengths under various demand‐to‐capacity ratio scenarios. Simulation results indicate that for under‐saturated situations, the ramp queue may exist temporally due to the random short‐term surge of traffic arrivals, and the exponential function could best capture the relationship between queue length and demand‐to‐capacity ratio. For over‐saturated situations, the ramp queue tends to prolong linearly with the demand‐to‐capacity ratio. Based on the simulation, it was recommended that queue storage length be designed as 4.3% of on‐ramp demand when demand is lower than 1200 vph or 2.3% when demand is between 1200 and 2400 vph. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大跨径波形钢腹板连续箱梁桥设计与施工关键技术

桃花峪黄河大桥跨北大堤桥为（75＋135＋75） m 波形钢腹板连续箱梁桥,对该桥设计与施工关键技术进行研究。设计阶段研究得出：与预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥相比,波形钢腹板连续箱梁桥具有景观效果好、抗震性能好、施工效率高等优点,确定该桥采用波形钢腹板连续箱梁桥;对比工程造价,确定高跨比取1/18;采用有限元法分析横隔板数量对箱梁抗扭刚度和畸变的影响,确定中、边跨分别设置8道、4道横隔板;对3种型式连接件进行试验研究,确定波形钢腹板与顶、底板分别采用 Twin-PBL 和角钢连接;预应力采用体内和体外混合配束方案,确保维护方便。施工阶段研究得出：随跨径增大,施工位移增量对波形钢腹板加工尺寸影响显著,加工时必须考虑其影响;采用“悬臂桁车技术”保证了钢腹板起吊和安装定位;采用先边跨后中跨合龙方案,确保了大桥顺利合龙。     

模数式桥梁伸缩缝水平向动力学响应分析

运用有限元分析软件对模数式桥梁伸缩缝进行水平向动力学研究,建立了其水平向有限元动力学模型,研究了车轮对中梁的水平冲击以及车速、中梁弹性支承刚度及预压量、滑动摩擦系数和剪切弹簧刚度的变化对中梁水平位移的响应特性。研究表明,当车速高于100 km/h,中梁弹性支承刚度小于70 000 N/mm时,应考虑车轮对中梁的水平冲击,当车速低于120 km/h,中梁弹性支承刚度及预压量分别大于80 000 N/mm和0.3 mm,滑动摩擦系数大于0.03,剪切弹簧刚度大于400 N/mm时,此时中梁水平位移小于0.5 mm,且车轮对中梁的水平冲击也可不考虑。