AB组填料在高铁路基填筑施工中的质量控制与检测

本文主要介绍哈尔滨至大连客运专线路基AB组填料施工工艺。     

高水压力强透水性条件下桥梁深水基础施工关键因素

京沪高速铁路苏州西桥段望虞河大桥水中承台封底混凝土底面位于望虞河常水位下16．0m,河床下土质为强透水性粉砂土,承台封底混凝土承受的静水压力极大。通过对封底混凝土采用三维有限元程序计算,确定了封底混凝土的厚度;根据土质采用水力学渗流计算,决定了是否会出现管涌,并进一步确定承台开挖方法是采用围堰排水后开挖还是水下直接开挖。通过实践证实,上述分析比较准确,有效指导了施工,保证了工程顺利进行。     

金属弹簧刚度频变分析及等效算法

为研究金属螺旋弹簧的动态特性及动刚度对频率的响应,利用有限元方法,建立了弹簧有限元模型,计算了弹簧的稳态响应,分析了其幅频特性曲线,并提出弹簧刚度的等效算法。计算结果表明:弹簧的动刚度随着激振频率的增大总体趋势是增大的,但是在共振频率处,动刚度极小,低于静刚度,而在反共振频率处,动刚度极大,远高于静刚度;两种算法的刚度-频率曲线几乎重合,因此,金属弹簧确实存在显著的动态特性,采用多自由度系统等效弹簧系统是可行的。     

沥青混合料油膜厚度计算方法

为了精确计算沥青混合料油膜厚度,考虑了矿粉粒度、沥青混合料压实程度和沥青比例的影响,采用HORIBA-300型激光散射粒度分布分析仪对矿粉的粒度进行测量,分析了矿粉粒度的尺寸范围,提出了沥青隔离膜的概念,建立了沥青油膜厚度计算模型。采用旋转压实仪成型沥青混凝土试件,对比分析了沥青油膜的计算值与实际测量值。分析结果表明:采用新的油膜公式反算的沥青用量范围为4.55%～4.85%,采用传统方法反算的沥青用量范围为4.20%～5.20%,而试验最佳沥青用量为4.70%,显然新方法精度高。     

Corrosion rate measurements in steel sheet pile walls in a marine environment

Corrosion of steel structures in the marine environment is a major problem. The deterioration of this kind of structures is costly and difficult to predict both when designing new structures and when estimating the remaining service life time for existing structures. The aim of this investigation was to find indicative values for the corrosion rate of steel sheet piles on the Swedish west coast. Such corrosion rates (mm/year) can be used both when designing new structures by oversizing the steel thickness and when estimating the bearing capacity of existing sheet pile structures. Earlier investigations on the corrosion rates along the Swedish east coast – with salinity from about 0.2% to 0.8% – are still used today as guidelines for the corrosion rate of all steel structures in the Swedish maritime environment even though the salinity on the west coast can be as high as 3.0%.Steel sheet pile wharfs located in the port of Halmstad on the Swedish west coast were inspected by ultrasonic measurements. Three wharf structures with a total length of about 700 m were inspected. None of the inspected wharfs had or have had cathodic protection. The thickness measurements of the steel sheet pile structures were performed by divers.The age of the three inspected sheet pile structures ranged from 36 to 51 years. The dimensions of the original sheet pile sections are known. One of the quay structures is located along a river. The salinity at all wharfs varied from low values at the surface to approx. 2% at the bottom (also in the river outflow).The measured average corrosion rates were in the same order as the design values in the European code. However, the results indicate increased corrosion rates about 1 m below the mean water surface and at the level of the propellers from the ships berthing the most frequented of the inspected wharfs, 3–6 m below water surface.The tolerances of steel sheet thicknesses – usually in the order of ±6% – are often neglected when investigating the remaining thickness in steel sheet piles. A simple calculation model shows that the sheet pile must be almost 50 years of age before an accurate estimation on the corrosion rate can be made, considering the tolerances, if the true original sheet pile thickness is not known.     

原位反应制备从Al_2O_3颗粒增强铝基复合材料

利用差分扫描热分析研究了利用Ａｌ－Ｎｂ２Ｏ５系统制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒增强金属基复合材 料这的原位反应过程：用Ｘ－射线衍射分析了反应过程中的相变．实验结果表明，Ｎｂ 的还原和ＮｂＡｌ３金属间化合物的形成反应发生在Ａｌ的熔点以下；在９３９℃完成．在低温 下，试样的局部发生少量的原位反应；整个试样内部同时发生原位反应是在９３９℃放热峰 所覆盖的温度区间．最终显微组织中存在相同形态不同尺寸的ＮｂＡｌ３相．低温形成的 ＮｂＡｌ３相由于经历了长大过程而尺寸较大；高温形成的ＮｂＡｌ３相尺寸较小．     

冷铣刨机金属探测技术研究

随着冷铣刨机在路面养护施工中的大量使用,铣刨机金属探测技术的应用显得越来越重要。介绍了金属探测技术方法的选择和金属探测器的应用情况,并通过实验确定了金属探测器安装在铣刨机上的最佳数量、位置和高度。     

一种评定板料抗皱性能的新方法

本文提出了一种评定板料抗皱性能的新方法，该方法采用方板双向对角拉伸试验，在一定的变形程度下，纵向载荷和横向载荷之经作为评定抗皱性指标，其特点是测试方法简便，实验重复性好，对实际成形的模拟程度高，能较真实地反映板料的抗皱性能。     

黄土地区公路暗穴顶板临界厚度的确定方法

针对西部黄土地区暗穴的发育会对公路路基、桥涵、公路隧道、路堑与路堤边坡及边坡支挡工程等的稳定性造成严重威胁的问题,在野外调查的基础上,对暗穴的分布规律、发育形态、破坏机制等进行了归纳与研究,提炼出几种破坏模式,结合黄土地区的土质特点,考虑了节理对黄土暗穴的影响,采用结构力学等方法,提出了一些确定顶板临界厚度的方法,并进行了对比讨论。通过对路基暗穴的安全厚度的正确估算,为研究公路暗穴有效防治措施提供了可靠的依据。     

隧道底部溶洞顶板安全厚度预测模型

以某公路岩溶隧道为背景,采用二维弹塑性有限元方法对隧道开挖进行数值模拟计算,分析隧道底部溶洞顶板安全厚度的影响因素,研究各影响因素与安全厚度的相关变化规律,并用多元回归和支持向量机方法建立能综合体现各影响因素的溶洞顶板安全厚度预测模型,从而为岩溶隧道设计施工提供一定的科学依据和指导。