气泡混合土抗冻融循环性能试验研究

为解决冻土地区普通路基由于保温性能差导致的路基病害问题,采用保温隔热性能好的气泡混合土作为路基填料,可起到保护冻土、减少病害的作用。为探讨气泡混合土的抗冻性能,选取了不同容重的气泡混合土试件进行冻融循环试验研究,研究气泡混合土质量及强度损失规律,从而获知气泡混合土的容重对其抗冻性能的影响;进而,向气泡混合土试件中掺入玻璃纤维,探讨其对气泡混合土抗冻性能的增强作用。结果表明：气泡混合土的抗冻性能随着容重的增大而提高,表现为容重越大,所能经受的冻融循环次数越多,抗压强度和质量损失率越低;容重为800kg/m3的气泡混合土试件经过15次冻融循环后抗压强度迅速降低,经过100次冻融循环后,试件的质量损失达到9.2%;而容重为1 200kg/m3的气泡混合土试件在经过50次冻融循环后,抗压强度才开始明显降低,经过100次冻融循环后,试件的质量损失只有4.5%。玻璃纤维能显著提高气泡混合土的抗冻性能,其抗压强度损失率和质量损失率明显较未掺纤维的普通气泡混合土要小,且抗压强度和质量损失的速率明显降低;不同容重的气泡混合土试件掺入纤维后,经过50次冻融循环后,试件的抗压强度损失减少50%以上,质量损失减少40%以上。     

机车自动驾驶系统模式切换策略研究

受铁路基础装备技术和国内复杂运用环境限制,机车自动驾驶系统仍需在有人值守的情况下工作,所以应有完善的自动驾驶系统模式切换策略来界定值守人员和自动驾驶的权限边界。以机车运行安全为原则,基于列车纵向动力学分析动态切换时列车的平稳性,阐述了机车自动驾驶系统的模式切换策略,该策略已经运用于机车自动驾驶实际应用中。大量实践案例证明,提出的机车自动驾驶模式切换策略能够有效保证机车控制权模式切换过程中列车的安全、平稳运行,取得了良好的运行效果。     

中子倍增公式在连续提棒事故瞬态特性模拟中的应用

通过中子倍增公式建立模型,分别计算船用核动力反应堆在低功率和高功率运行时发生连续提棒事故后的各主要参数的变化,并将计算结果与三维实时仿真软件计算结果进行比较。结果表明,计算结果与三维实时仿真软件计算结果比较符合,可为事故的处置提供依据。     

机动车超速行驶防范对策分析

机动丰超速行驶是引起交通事故的主要原因,是严重的道路交通违法行为之一。机动丰超速是由于驾驶人没有及时纠正驾驶过程中的误判、误动的结果。引起超速的原因包括驾驶人、机动车、交通安全设施和其他因素四个方面,应从教育培训、法律、交通安全设施、交通科技四个方面采取措施预防超速。     

A stochastic optimization approach for the selection of reflective cracking mitigation techniques

PurposeIn Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) overlays, the existing cracks in the underlying pavements can propagate upward to the new added overlay and may cause Reflective Cracks (RC). These cracks allow water infiltration to the underlying layers and causes further moisture damage as well as weakening the unbound layers. Over the years, several methods have been developed for mitigating the RCs. This study aims to investigate the current reflective cracking mitigation methods and develop a methodology for the selection of appropriate mitigation technique. The developed model is then applied to a case study in the state of Florida.MethodTo accomplish this goal, a nationwide literature review was conducted to better understand the current in practice methods in the United States. Moreover, a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) in five different road types was performed to find the annuity of roadway rehabilitation for each of the mitigation methods. The uncertainty in the LCCA results is represented using Exploratory Modeling and Analysis (EMA) method. Then through a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model, a stochastic optimization model was developed to find the appropriate reflective cracking mitigation solution under Florida’s climate and road conditions, based on different cost and performance weights.ResultsBased on the available data for the state of Florida, the LCCA results indicate that the annuity of maintaining the roadway with Fabrics and ISAC are lower compared to other methods. However, the results of stochastic optimization model reveal that while looking at the performance and cost at the same time, different methods would be more feasible. For instance, while the cost of the used method does not matter at all and only performance matters, STRATA® is more probable to be the appropriate mitigation technique. The findings of this research are critical for decision makers to better understand the most cost-effective mitigation technique in different conditions.     

Breakthrough innovations in intermodal freight transport

Breakthrough innovations, whether technological, organizational or both, are a necessity if the market share of intermodal freight transport is to expand. The main growth potential lies in the markets for flows over short distances, for perishable and high-value commodities, for small consignments, and for flows that demand speed, reliability and flexibility. It will take radical innovations to produce a breakthrough in the modal split and allow these new markets to be conquered. This special issue is based on papers presented at an international conference on freight transport automation and multimodality, held in Delft in May 2002, that are illustrative of the direction of breakthrough research and development (R&D) aimed at increasing the market share for intermodal transport.     

基于生命周期理论的我国收费公路发展分析

收费公路类似自然生命,其成长和发展必然为一个具有若干阶段的连续过程。基于生命周期理论,对我国收费公路体系生命周期进行了探讨和分析。结果表明,2000年以后,我国收费公路进入成熟期;在2030年达到峰值后,收费公路在总量上开始缩减,进入衰退期,新的发展趋势也将逐渐体现。     

基于满意度的多目标约束模糊控制规则库的建立及应用

本文针对难以建模的非线性系统,结合有关满意度优化理论,给出了基于模糊控制系统的多目标搜索规则库的方法,并利用所建立规则采用Mamdani算法来逼近控制问题的最优解。同时把该方法应用在具有强非线性特点的车辆自动驾驶问题上,通过对模糊控制规则的量化细分搜索出车辆自动驾驶的规则库。     

Will a driving restriction policy reduce car trips?—The case study of Beijing,China

A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution.     

公路空间视距计算方法与检测技术

为了精确计算公路在三维空间中的实际视距,提出了空间视距的概念,通过延伸应用空间两点通视原理,建立了空间视距计算和分析的数学模型。基于计算机仿真技术开发出对空间视距的实时检测技术,通过将设计视距、运行视距和空间视距3种视距对比分析,给出了发现视距不足的方法。与早前的视距计算方法和研究相比,该方法对正常路面、行车道空间视距计算准确,能够计算和分析公路路侧附属设施对视距的影响,为公路几何设计和安全评价提供了依据。